2 - Evolution and Genetics

Question 1

What is behaviour according to biological psychology?

Answer 1

Behaviour is the product of the interaction between genetics and the environment

Question 2

What are the four chemical bases DNA is made up of?

Answer 2

Adenin, Guanin, Cytosine, and Thymine

Question 3

What are the two pairs of bases in DNA?

Answer 3

Adenine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

Question 4

What is the double-helix structure made up of?

Answer 4

The link between bases and backbones in DNA

Question 5

How many bases are there in human DNA?

Answer 5

Approx 3 billion

Question 6

Is the order of DNA base pairs important?

Answer 6

Hell yeah, DNA is ‘read’ in predetermined chunks

Question 7

In DNA, what do we call a locus that we know the role of?

Answer 7

A gene

Question 8

What are alleles?

Answer 8

Base-pair combinations found at a gene that perform a specific function e.g. brown eyes allele

Question 9

What is transcription in DNA?

Answer 9

The process of making a ribonucleic acid (RNA) copy of DNA

Question 10

Which enzyme initiates RNA synthesis?

Answer 10

RNA polymerase

Question 11

What are chromosomes?

Answer 11

Bundled DNA strands, found in cell nuclei

Question 12

How many chromosomes in human cells?

Answer 12

46 chromosomes

Question 13

What are autosomes?

Answer 13

22 pairs of chromosomes each containing the same gene as their match

Question 14

What are the last two chromosomes?

Answer 14

XX in females, XY in males

Question 15

What are trisomy conditions?

Answer 15

Chromosome abnormalities with one or more extra chromosomes

Question 16

Down’s syndrome is characterized by trisomy of which chromosome?

Answer 16

Chromosome 21

Question 17

What are monosomy conditions?

Answer 17

Chromosome abnormalities with only one chromosome of a given pair instead of both

Question 18

Which kind of chromosomes do monosomy conditions usually occur in?

Answer 18

Sex chromosomes

Question 19

Turner’s syndrome is characterized by monosomy of which chromosome?

Answer 19

X chromosome

Question 20

What are homozygous alleles?

Answer 20

When a personal has identical alleles on the two chromosomes

Question 21

What are heterozygous alleles?

Answer 21

When a person has unmatched alleles on the two chromosomes

Question 22

What are intermediate alleles?

Answer 22

When both alleles are expressed with equal force

Question 23

What does genotype refer to?

Answer 23

What alleles are found at the gene-locus for a specific trait

Question 24

What does phenotype refer to?

Answer 24

What you look/behave like as a physical entity

Question 25

What are autosomal dominant genetic conditions?

Answer 25

Conditions where you only need the abnormal gene from one parent in order to inherit

Question 26

Why are men especially susceptible to x-linked genetic conditions?

Answer 26

Because they only have one X chromosome (XY) so any recessive genes will be expressed

Question 27

How do men with x-linked genetic conditions pass the disorder to their offspring?

Answer 27

Men will pass disorder to all daughters but no sons

Question 28

Can women get X-linked recessive disorders?

Answer 28

Yes but this is very rare

Question 29

What is the gene-environment correlation?

Answer 29

Variations in genotype systematically associated with variations in environment

Question 30

What is heritability?

Answer 30

An estimate of the proportion of trait variance due to differences in genetics

Question 31

What is the range of heritability for most human behaviours?

Answer 31

.30 to .60