2 EXAM

Question 1

Thermodynamically, what drives surface reactions?

Answer 1

Lowering the energy state

Question 2

Higher surface energy means better wettability

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which property does not affect protein adsorption?

Answer 3

Material size

Question 4

Proteins adhere more strongly to hydrophobic surfaces.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Very high surface free energy is likely to lead to less protein adsorption

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The composition of an adsorbed protein layer will be the same as in the fluid bulk

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Competitive protein adsorption is based on what property?

Answer 7

Affinity

Question 8

The longer a protein stays on the surface, the less likely it will be pushed off

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the primary source of the initial adsorbed protein?

Answer 9

Blood

Question 10

Which of the following proteins has the highest surface affinity?

Answer 10

Hemoglobin

Question 11

Which blood protein is typically first to arrive at the biomaterial surface?

Answer 11

Albumin

Question 12

Protein denaturation due to adsorption can expose hidden binding sites as what?

Answer 12

Epitopes

Question 13

Which of the following mediates protein unfolding during the adsorption process?

Answer 13

Charge-charge interactions
Hydrophobic interactions
Reduction of surface free energy

Question 14

Longer residence time means a protein is less likely to desorb

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Composition of the adsorbed layer will be the same as in the fluid bulk

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Which protein has the highest surface activity?

Answer 16

Hemoglobin

Question 17

What do you call a biomaterial that is not blood-compatible?

Answer 17

Thrombogenic

Question 18

Degree of unfolding of this one protein best correlates with the resulting inflammatory response

Answer 18

Fibrinogen

Question 19

How can you help ensure a protein adsorbs and stays adsorbed on a surface?

Answer 19

Increased incubation time

Question 20

Which is not a protein necessarily involved in the downstream cascade of contact activation?

Answer 20

IgG

Question 21

How is fibrinogen able to mediate platelet activation

Answer 21

Integrin binding

Question 22

Provisional matrix is another term for fibrin clot

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the first step in contact activation?

Answer 23

FXII activation

Question 24

How might you limit contact activation on your material?

Answer 24

Make the material more hydrophilic

Question 25

Which protein is the major constituent of the provisional matrix

Answer 25

Fibrin

Question 26

Which pathway does not directly result in fibrin polymerization

Answer 26

Complement

Question 27

Which protein is not directly involved in the activation of a complement pathway?

Answer 27

Albumin

Question 28

Which is not an objective of complement

Answer 28

To break down fibrinogen

Question 29

How are the classical and alternative complement pathways related/connected?

Answer 29

Both involve C3 amplification

Question 30

Which of these cells is the first to arrive at a biomaterial surface?

Answer 30

Neutrophil

Question 31

Antibody adsorption on biomaterials can lead to all of following except

Answer 31

Fibrinogen displacement

Question 32

Surfaces can auto-activate the molecule C1q

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Platelets can be activated independent of integrin receptors

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Which immune cell type is the most prevalent at the implant surface at chronic timepoints?

Answer 34

Macrophages/FBGs

Question 35

Which is not an outcome of frustrated phagocytosis?

Answer 35

NETosis

Question 36

At the most fundamental level, surface modification alters what process?

Answer 36

Protein adsorption

Question 37

Coating with fibronectin would achieve a similar objective as adding a layer or PEG

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Which surface modifications promotes the least macrophage accumulation?

Answer 38

Hydrophilic Anionic

Question 39

Last name of the hematologist, Leo, who first described protein competition at a surface

Answer 39

Vroman

Question 40

A quantitative measure of a material’s hydrophilicity

Answer 40

Contact angle

Question 41

The stiffness of an adsorbed protein layer indicates this

Answer 41

Compactness

Question 42

Strength of the interaction between biomolecules and a surface

Answer 42

Binding affinity

Question 43

The process of molecules adhering to a surface

Answer 43

Adsorption

Question 44

Competition between proteins at the surface can lead to this

Answer 44

Displacement

Question 45

A material that resists protein adsorption is likely to be this

Answer 45

Hydrophilic

Question 46

Differences in this can minimize repulsive interactions but have functional impacts

Answer 46

Orientation

Question 47

The layer between the material bulk and the external environment

Answer 47

Interface

Question 48

Surface variation that can enhance both hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity

Answer 48

Topography

Question 49

Method to leverage the process of adsorption to increase adhesion

Answer 49

Precoating

Question 50

Ability for molecules at a surface to rearrange in response to the external environment

Answer 50

Reconstruction

Question 51

Results from unsatisfied or strained bonds, driving surface phenomena

Answer 51

Free energy

Question 52

Reverse process of adsorption

Answer 52

Desorption

Question 53

The potential for a surface to maintain contact with a liquid

Answer 53

Wettability

Question 54

11 Structural rearrangement of proteins, possibly causing denaturation

Answer 54

Unfolding

Question 55

Factor that cleaves prothrombin to thrombin

Answer 55

Factor X

Question 56

Plays a key role in contact activation activations

Answer 56

Factor XII

Question 57

Complement pathway not involving antibodies

Answer 57

Alternative

Question 58

Generally considered a passivating protein

Answer 58

Albumin

Question 59

Matrix component of a blood clot

Answer 59

Fibrin

Question 60

Descriptor of a material not compatible with blood

Answer 60

Thrombogenic

Question 61

Another word for an antibody

Answer 61

Immunoglobulin