2 Flight Regulations Flashcards
(209 cards)
1
Q
Where are the 2 NATS Centres?
A
Swanwick
Prestwick
2
Q
What areas does NATS Swanwick (London Area Control Centre (LACC)) look after?
A
London ACC (LACC) London Terminal CC (LTCC) Military Air Traffic Control (ATC)
3
Q
What areas does NATS Prestwick (Scottish Area Control Centre (ScACC)) look after?
A
Scottish ACC (ScACC) Manchester ACC (MACC) Oceanic ACC (OACC) - aka Shanwick
4
Q
What are the 4 HUB airfields in Project MARSHALL?
A
Linton-on-Ouse (LOO)
Coningsby (CON)
Marham (MAR)
Brize Norton (BZN)
5
Q
How is Project MARSHALL configured?
A
HUB > Satellite > Independent
6
Q
What services does the Radar Analysis Cell provide?
A
Military Airprox
Noise complaints and unauthorised supersonic flights
Airspace breaches
Aircraft suspected of involvement in criminal activities
7
Q
What are the emergency/distress frequencies (type, Hz, band)?
A
Distress - 121.500MHz VHF
Mil Distress - 243.00MHz UHF
8
Q
In the UK who is responsible for the division of airspace?
A
CAA - Civil Aviation Authority
9
Q
UK airspace has how many FIRs?
A
2 - Scottish and London
10
Q
What does FIR stand for?
A
Flight Information Region
11
Q
What does UIR stand for?
A
Upper Information Region
12
Q
What is the lower limit of the UIR?
A
FL245
13
Q
FIRs are further broken down into 2 airspaces. These are?
A
Upper Information Region - UIR
Lower Information Region - LIR
14
Q
FL245 belongs to which part of the FIR?
A
UIR
15
Q
Where are Military control sectors coordinated from?
A
Swanwick
16
Q
What are the CONTROLLED airspace classes?
A
A, B, C, D, E
B is not currently in the UK
17
Q
What are the UNCONTROLLED airspace classes?
A
F, G
F is not currently in the UK
18
Q
What are the names of the airspaces? (high to low)
A
Controlled Airspace Air Routes Airways Control Areas Control Zone
19
Q
Never enter …. airspace without clearance
A
controlled
20
Q
What does ATZ stand for?
A
Aerodrome Traffic Zone
21
Q
What does MATZ stand for?
A
Military Aerodrome Traffic Zone
22
Q
Civilian a/c are must recognise MATZs?
A
False
They should recognise them but are not obliged to
23
Q
Class G airspace is known as
A
Uncontrolled airspace
24
Q
All airspace between FL195 and FL660 is known as ….. airspace and is what class of airspace?
A
controlled, class C airspace
25
Are ATZs and MATZs 'controlled' airspace?
No. Not legally controlled
26
What does CMATZ stand for?
Combined Military Aerodrome Traffic Zone
27
Dimensions of an ATZ are?
2000 ft vertically
2 or 2.5nm (if rwy >1800m) radially
28
Dimensions of a MATZs are?
3000 ft vertically. 5nm radially
With extension out of main active runway. 5nm long beginning at edge of radial dimension 4nm wide and between 1000ft to 3000ft.
29
What are the 3 designations of Airspace Reservations?
Prohibited
Danger
Restricted
30
Airspace Reservations can be 3 kinds. These are?
Permanent - All the time
Temporary - Regular occurrence
Notified - On notification through NOTAM
31
Describe PROHIBITED airspace
Most a/c not allowed.
| Denoted by a 'P' on low flying and special area charts
32
Describe DANGER airspace
Contains activities dangerous to flight
Mostly operated by Military
A/c must have authorisation if a range
Denoted by a 'D' on low flying/ special air charts
33
What are the DANGER Area Services?
DACS - Danger Area Crossing Service
| DAAIS - Danger Area Activity Information Service
34
Describe RESTRICTED airspace
Flight subject to restrictions
| Denoted with an 'R' on low flying/special air charts
35
What airspace is denoted with 'PM'?
Provost Marshal
36
What does PM airspace prohibit?
Military a/c only. Civilian still allowed
37
PM airspace can be defined in 2 ways. These are? (name + representation on charts)
```
Prohibited Area (PMP Area)
Restricted Area (PMR Area)
```
38
Describe a HIRTA
High Intensity Radio Transmission Area
Radio energy may affect weapons, comms or navigation systems
39
What publication should you refer to when conducting low flying?
UK Mil Low Flying Handbook
40
A Military Training Area is denoted by what on charts?
MTA
41
What does AIAA stand for?
Area of Intense Aerial Activity
Denoted by a green chain-link on charts
42
What does ATA stand for?
Aerial Tactics Area
Designated for air combat training
43
What does AARA stand for?
Air-to-Air Refuelling Area
Inflight refuelling is taking place. May not be at standard altitudes due to need to avoid turbulence
44
What does TRA stand for?
Temporary Reserved Area
An piece of airspace temporarily given to a different authority than it is usually controlled by.
45
The UK Air Defence and Reporting centre is based where?
RAF Boulmer
46
In Class G airspace, what are the 4 different Flight Information Service (FIS) you can get?
Basic Service
Traffic Service
Deconfliction Service
Procedural Service
47
Air Traffic Service (ATS) covers, generically, what 5 things?
```
Air Traffic Control (ATC)
Air Traffic Advisory Service
Flight Information Service (FIS)
Alerting Service
Lower Airspace Radar Service
```
48
How is an Alerting Service defined?
An alerting service is provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding a/c in need of SAR aid and assist such organisations as required.
49
What are the 5 objectives of the Air Traffic Service (ATS)?
- Prevent collisions between a/c.
- Prevent collisions on the manoeuvring area.
- Expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic.
- Provide advice and information.
- Notify appropriate organisations regarding a/c in need of SAR aid, and such organisations as required.
50
What does ATS stand for?
Air Traffic Service
51
Flight Information Service (FIS) supplies advice and information useful for the s... and e........ conduct of flight.
Safe and Efficient
52
Some pertinent information provided by FIS is?
Weather
Change to serviceability of facilities
Conditions at Aerodromes
Any other information likely to affect safety
53
What is a basic service?
A non-surveillance based ATS provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flight.
54
A Basic Service may not be appropriate under what conditions?
IMC - Instrument Meteorological Conditions
55
Describe what the Swanwick Mil Map/Chart looks like?
Numerous areas up and down the country (inc Central, East, West).
Not split like the FIR chart
56
What does a basic service provide?
```
Weather Info
Changes in serviceability
Airfield conditions
General airspace info
Other safety info
```
57
On top of a basic service, a traffic service provides ...
Specific surveillance-derived traffic information
May provide headings and/or levels
Not required to achieve deconfliction
Available under IFR/VFR and in any met conditions
58
What does a traffic service provide?
Specific surveillance-derived traffic information
May provide headings and/or levels
Not required to achieve deconfliction
Available under IFR/VFR and in any met conditions
59
What are the dimensions of a bubble provided by a traffic service?
Traffic info relevant when approaching
3nm Horizontally
3000ft Vertically
60
Deconfliction service provides a basic service plus ...
Specific surveillance-derived traffic information
| Issuance of headings/levels to achieve deconfliction
61
Under a deconfliction service, the ATC parameters are...
5nm horizontally or 3000ft vertically
If both a/c coordinated by same controller or are 'coordinated' then:
3nm horizontally or 1000ft/500ft vertically
62
Describe a procedural service. (Give example)
One which is a recognised set of rules to follow. Can be report when at waypoint/altitude based.
Example - North Atlantic Tracks
63
What does LARS stand for?
Low Airspace Radar Service
64
Is LARS available at all airfields?
No. Only those that are participating that day.
65
LARS is available within what dimensions of a participating airfield?
FL100 and out to approx. 30nm
66
What are the types of radar service provided under LARS?
Traffic + Deconfliction
67
Summarise - Basic, Traffic, Deconfliction, Procedural services
Basic - Just information about airfield
Traffic - Information about other a/c in the area
Deconfliction - Will provide active guidance to pilots
Procedural - Pre-set of behaviours to take in the given situation.
68
What is the term used to describe Temporary Controlled Airspace?
CAS-T
69
Temporary Controlled Airspace (CAS-T) is associated with Rotary or Fixed Wing Royal Flights?
Fixed Wing
70
Temporary Controlled Airspace (CAS-T) attracts what type of airspace?
Class D
71
What is the radius around an aerodrome with which Temporary Controlled Airspace (CAS-T) applies?
Between 5nm and 10nm
72
Where is Temporary Controlled Airspace (CAS-T) information provided?
NOTAMs
73
What are the inbound and outbound time windows for Temporary Controlled Airspace (CAS-T)?
-15 mins
| +30 mins
74
Temporary Controlled Airspace (CAS-T) is given what classification?
Class D
75
What are the dimensions of Temporary Controlled Airways?
5nm each side of the track
76
What does RLLC stand for?
Royal Low Level Corridor
77
What are the dimension of a Royal Low Level Corridor (RLLC)?
5nm either side of track
Surface to 1000ft above max FL of route
78
What does MEF stand for? (Low level chart)
Maximum Elevation Figure
79
Where do you find MEFs?
Low level chart in each quadrant on the chart
80
What time window applies to an RLLC?
-15 mins
| +30 mins
81
How is information about a Royal Flights promulgated?
NOTAM
82
T or F? A/c registered in the UK must operate within the Air Navigation Order (ANO) regulations?
TRUE
83
Name the 7 broad topics that cover 'The Rules of Air Regulations'
- General Rules - Met reports/forecast, speed limitations etc
- Low Flying Rules
- A/C light and signals
- Aerodrome traffic rules
- Aerodrome lights, markings and signals including marshalling
- Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
- Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
84
If you are approaching another a/c head on. What action should you take to avoid a collision?
Turn to the right
85
Overtaking a/c should do so on the ... of other a/c?
Right
86
T or F? An a/c landing or on final approach has right of way?
TRUE
87
If 2 or more a/c are in the process of landing. What are you concerned with?
The lowest a/c has right of way
Follow directions from ATC
Make way for anyone in an emergency
88
When following a landmark. You should keep it to your ....
LEFT
89
What does VFR stand for?
Visual Flight Rules
90
VFR should only be commenced or continued if... (3 points)
- Met info indicates en route conditions at or above threshold for VFR.
- An alt route is possible if flt cannot be completed as planned due to met conditions.
- Visual Met Conditions (VMC) are present.
91
Inside Controlled Airspace (CAS) what are the minimum VFR VMCs?
>= FL100. 1500m Horz, 1000ft Vert from cloud. Vis 8km.
< FL100. 1500m Horz, 1000ft Vert from cloud. Vis (>250kt 8km, <=250kt 5km).
92
Outside Controlled Airspace (CAS) what are the minimum VFR VMCs?
<= 3000ft AMSL
>140kt. Vis >5km
<=140kt. Clear of cloud surface in sight. Vis >1.5km
93
What does SVFR stand for?
Special Visual Flight Rules
94
Describe SVFR
Rules which allow flights where pilots are unable to comply with IFR, in circumstances where VFR flights are not permitted.
A flight cleared into a control zone using VFR in met conditions below VMC.
95
How can you obtain a SVFR clearance?
- As requested by the pilot.
| - When notified in the UK AIP for particular operations.
96
Under SVFRs, the pilot is responsible for what? (4 points)
- Complying with ATC.
- Remaining clear of cloud, insight of the surface in vis >1500m.
- Remaining at a speed of <140kt.
- Avoiding ATZs unless prior permission obtained.
97
Within the UK. IFR is mandatory when?
- Under IMC
- In Class A airspace, except when SVFR is permitted.
- In Class C airspace when VFR operations are not permitted.
98
Describe the semi-circular rule.
When flying WEST fly at EVEN FLs.
| When flying EAST fly at ODD FLs.
99
What does IFR stand for?
Instrument Flight Rules
100
What do you need to fly under IFR in controlled airspace?
- Hold a valid instrument rating.
- Ensure a/c has appropriate radio and nav equipment.
- Submit a flight plan.
- Obtain clearance from ATC.
- Follow ATC instructions.
101
What does RVSM stand for?
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
102
Why was RVSM introduced?
Maximise the amount of usage above FL290 due to increase in quality of equipment.
103
What 2 rules are all Military Flights flown in accordance with?
VFR or IFR
104
Is everything above FL195 Class C airspace?
No. Any defined 'airspace' above FL195 is Class C and Class C ends at FL660.
105
T or F? An Air Traffic Control Service is provided under IFR in A, C, D and E class airspace?
TRUE
106
Under IFR in Class A, C, D and E airspace. (Select appropriate answer)
A flight plan is ADVISED/REQUIRED?
ATC clearance is ADVISED/REQUIRED?
Radio communication is ADVISED/REQUIRED?
ATC instructions is STRONGLY ADVISED/MANDATORY?
A flight plan is REQUIRED
ATC clearance is REQUIRED
Radio communication is REQUIRED
ATC instructions is MANDATORY
107
T or F? VFR traffic is permitted in Class A airspace?
FALSE
108
Under VFR an Air Traffic Control Service is provided to how many classes of airspace?
4
C, D, E, G
109
Under VFR what classes of airspace are you required to submit a flight plan with ATC?
A, C, D
110
Under VFR what classes of airspace are you required to obtain ATC clearance?
A, C, D
111
Under VFR what classes of airspace are you required to have Radio Communications?
A, C, D
112
Under VFR what classes of airspace are you mandated to comply with ATC instruction?
A, C, D
113
Flight plans, ATC clearance, Radio Communications are not required in what class of airspace?
Class G
114
What Flight Information service or services may be available in Class G airspace?
- Basic
- Traffic
- Deconfliction
- Procedural
115
T or F? In Class G airspace ATC will automatically provide separation to those under IFR and not those under VFR?
FALSE.
Separation is not provided automatically in Class G airspace. It is when a deconfliction/procedural service is requested.
116
In class D or E airspace the speed limit is ....kt below FL...
250kt below FL100
117
T or F? Class E airspace requires a radio communication ability under VFR?
FALSE. It is not required.
118
You are flying under IFR. In what airspace will ATC provide separation from those under VFR/SVFR?
Class C
119
You are flying under IFR. In what airspace will ATC provide separation from those under IFR?
A, C, D, E
120
You are flying under IFR. In what airspace will ATC provide separation from those only under IFR/SVFR?
Class D
121
In what airspace and under what rules is not having radio communications and ATC clearance acceptable?
Class G
Class E under VFR
122
You are at 230kt at FL80 in class D airspace. What is your VMC?
Vis: 5km. Dist from cloud: 1500m H, 1000ft V.
123
You are at 250kt at FL80 in class C airspace. What is your VMC?
Vis: 5km. Dist from cloud: 1500m H, 1000ft V.
124
You are at 250kt at 3000ft AMSL in class C airspace. What is your VMC?
Vis: 5km. Dist from cloud: 1500m H, 1000ft V.
125
You are at 300kt at FL100 in class E airspace. What is your VMC?
Vis: 8km. Dist from cloud: 1500m H, 1000ft V.
126
You are at 300kt at 2500ft AMSL in class D airspace. What is your VMC?
Vis: 8km. Dist from cloud: 1500m H, 1000ft V.
127
You are under VFR in Class D airspace. ATC will provide you with Traffic info on others on VFR, IFR or both?
Both IFR and VFR traffic.
128
You are at 300kt at 2500ft AMSL in class G airspace. What is your VMC?
Vis: 5km. Dist from cloud: 1500m H, 1000ft V.
129
Name the 'surveillance' air traffic services.
Traffic
| Deconfliction
130
What is the purpose of Radar Corridors?
Allow users to cross airways in as safe a manner as possible.
131
What 7 pieces of information should you provide to ATC when crossing an airway?
- Identification
- A/c type
- Position and heading
- Level and flight conditions
- Position of crossing
- Requested crossing level
- Estimated time of crossing
132
How is the Military Air Traffic Control Centre (MATCC) subdivided?
Into three banks of controllers:
- North Bank (controls the Scottish FIR)
- East Bank (controls to the East of a line from Carlisle to London)
- West Bank (controls the SW, W, Central and SE)
These are further broken down into sectors.
133
What Air Traffic Service inform organisations guidance and instruction to coordinate SAR operations?
ALERTING
134
What is the dimensions of the bubble under a Traffic Service?
3nm Horz. 3000ft Vert
135
What traffic service is least appropriate in IMC conditions?
Basic
136
In what Air Traffic Service are mandatory instructions provided to maintain minima between air systems?
Radar Control
137
Other than 'traffic', what other service is a surveillance service?
Deconfliction
138
Which ATS available from ATC provides specific instructions, time/location restrictions to participating traffic?
Procedural
139
Name the 4 methods of authorisation
Written
Electronic
Verbal
Self
140
T or F? UK Mil a/c are advised to seek authorisation prior to going flying?
FALSE
They are mandated to all mil flying
141
Independent Auth by another person is always _______
ENCOURAGED
142
Things that the Auth Offr is to consider are:
Crew Composition
Day/Night Flight Conditions
Met Conditions
143
Define the A/C Commander
- Resp for safe operation of a/c, mission completion.
| - Ultimately responsible for the safety of a/c, crew, pax and cargo.
144
Are A/C commanders always one of the pilots?
No
Other aircrew roles may be the A/C commander
145
In what class airspace is IFR mandatory?
Class A
146
What are the 3 categories of flight plans?
Full Flight Plan
Repetitive Flight Plan
Abbreviated Flight Plan
147
The official term for departure time is?
Estimated Off-block time
NOTE: Not the planned airborne time
148
What does GAT stand for? (Air Traffic)
General Air Traffic
149
What does OAT stand for? (Air Traffic)
Operational Air Traffic
150
Flight plans should be raised at least ____ before clearance startup or taxy is requested
60 mins
151
List some key items to be included in a flight plan
A/C Identification, Dep Airfield, Date of Flight,
Est Off-block time, Destination Airfield, Route,
Cruising speed/FLs, a/c type and wake cat.,
VFR/IFR + Type of flight, a/c equipment and capability
152
What does PPR stand for? (Flight planning)
Prior Permission Requirement
153
What are the airfield parking spots referred to as?
Stands
154
What are the airfield parking areas referred to as?
Apron/Ramp/Dispersal/Flightline
155
Routes linking different parts of the airfield are called?
Taxiways
156
The last point of the taxiway before joining the runway is called the?
Holding Position
157
Where do you find Thresholds?
Runways
158
The part before the threshold is called the ...
Pre-threshold
159
The part after the last threshold is?
Stopway
160
What colour are all runway markings?
White
161
The number on the runway denotes?
Rough runway heading
162
L, C or R on a runway denotes?
The place against parallel runways
163
When operating at, near or approaching a runway make sure you refer to it by ........
It's FULL name
Including L,R or C if present
164
Edge marking on the runway denotes ....
Precision approach runway
165
A precision approach runway is defined as ...
A runway that assists pilots with the glide path
166
A line across the runway denotes .....
the threshold of the runway
167
The minimum amount of markings required to be a legal runway is ....
Centreline and Designation (eg 08L or 14R)
168
You must NOT land ...... of the threshold
SHORT
169
Pre-threshold arrows indicate ....
Available for t/o but NOT for landing
170
Pre-threshold crosses (X) indicate ...
Unfit for a/c movement
171
Pre-threshold Yellow Chevrons indicate ...
Unfit for normal a/c movement
172
Temporary displaced thresholds will have ...
Boards either side of the runway
Arrows denoting NOT for landing. Along with the threshold having been moved forwards.
173
All ILS equipped runways are equipped with what 2 types of markings?
TDZ - Touchdown zones
| Aiming Point Markings
174
Taxiway marking are what colour?
YELLOW
175
Are taxiway centrelines Continuous or Dashed?
Continuous
176
What does RTHP stand for? (airport layout)
Runway Taxi-Holding Position
177
Describe the 2 types of RTHP markings across the taxiway?
Doubled Solid Double Dashed - If approaching from solid side you must stop. If approaching from dashed you may proceed.
Ladder - Indicates a holding position not directly adjacent to a runway. May be used to prevent a/c blocking ILS beacons while holding.
178
A dashed line across a taxiway denotes ....
ITHP - Intermediate Taxiway-Holding Position
179
What is an ITHP used for?
To protect a priority taxiway route
180
NEVER ..... solid lines at taxiway holding positions unless given ....... from ......
CROSS
| PERMISSION from ATC
181
Mandatory signs are what colour?
RED with WHITE letters/symbology
182
Pilots should not .... beyond a mandatory sign without ..........
CONTINUE/PASS
DIRCETION/PERMISSION from ATC
183
Information signs consist of what colours?
Yellow + Black
184
Location signs are what colours?
YELLOW on BLACK
185
Direction signs are what colours?
BLACK on YELLOW
186
Name the 2 types of Beacons?
Identification
| Location
187
What does an Identification beacon flash?
Two letter ID code (morse)
Red - Mil
Green - Civilian
188
What colour does a Location beacon with a Low Level of background lighting flash?
WHITE light
189
What colour does a Location beacon with a High Level of background lighting flash?
GREEN alternating with WHITE light
190
Approach lighting includes what colour; Threshold, Centreline and Crossbar
Threshold - GREEN
Centreline - WHITE
Crossbar - WHITE
191
Supplementary Approach lighting pre-threshold is what colour?
RED
192
What is the name given to the lights used to provide glide slope assistance to pilots?
PAPI
Precision Approach Path Indicators
193
2 WHITE 2 RED on PAPI indicates ...
On correct glide/approach path
194
4 WHITE on PAPI indicates ...
Too high
195
4 RED on PAPI indicates ...
Too low
196
Runways have .... lights at the THRESHOLD.
GREEN
197
Runways have .... lights at the STOPWAY.
RED
198
Runways have .... lights at the EDGE/on CENTRELINE.
WHITE
199
Taxiway CENTRELINE lights are .....
GREEN
200
Taxiway EDGE lights are .....
BLUE
201
Taxiway STOPBAR lights are .....
RED across taxiway
202
Runway/Taxiway lead-on lights are ....
Alternating GREEN/YELLOW
203
3, 2, 1 yellow lights on the runway indicate a ....
high-speed exit
204
Obstacles fall under 2 categories for being lit. These are?
En-route
| Airfield
205
An EN-ROUTE obstacle is anything ...
>150m more than 15km from an airfield
Prominent obstacles <150m near low flying a/c routes
206
An AIRFIELD obstacle is anything ....
- Within 15km and >150m
- Any object considered to be an obstacle to a/c in flight
- Moving on the ground at the airfield
207
A FIXED obstacle is ....
- Objects <45m (marked by red light at apex)
- Larger buildings will have additional red lights to outline their extent.
- Temporary or U/S ground movement areas (marked red)
208
All MOBILE vehicles on an airfield MUST ....
be displaying flashing yellow lights.
Emergency vehicles - BLUE LIGHTS
209
MAA low flying limit for minimum vertical distance from cloud is ____.
500ft minimum vertical distance
