2. Ground Operations

Question 1

Taxi

Normal taxi speed is
approximately ….1…. knots, adjusted for conditions. On long straight taxi routes,
speeds up to ….2…. knots are acceptable, however at speeds greater than ….3…. knots use
caution when using the nose wheel steering tiller to avoid overcontrolling the nose
wheels. When approaching a turn, speed should be slowed to an appropriate speed
for conditions. On a dry surface, for turn angles greater than those typically
required for high speed runway turnoffs, use approximately …4… knots.

Answer 1

1. 20 kt
2. 30 kt
3. 20 kt
4. 10 kt

Question 2

Taxi

During taxi, the momentary use of………….. 1…….. thrust may be needed on slippery
surfaces for airplane control. The use of reverse thrust above reverse idle is ….. 2…… due to the possibility of …….3……..

Answer 2

1. Idle reverse
2. not recommended
3. foreign object damage and engine surge

Question 3

Taxi

Note: If reverse thrust is selected after V speeds have been entered, the V speeds
are ……1…….., and ……2……. thrust becomes the
thrust limit for takeoff.

Answer 3

1. removed from the airspeed display
2. full TO

Question 4

Under normal conditions, differential braking and braking while turning ……..1…………

Answer 4

Should be avoided.

Question 5

Taxi

Note: The left and right tillers are …….1……… To ensure airplane control
is not compromised during taxi, …..2…… should make tiller control
inputs at a time. Do not ….3….. when the airplane is in a turn.

Answer 5

1. not interconnected
2. only one pilot
3. transfer tiller control

Question 6

Taxi

Taxi - Aft CG
Taxi operations with aft CG (at …..1….. MAC or greater) are more susceptible to
encountering nose wheel skidding or scrubbing and can increase the turn radius
due to reduced nose gear steering effectiveness. At aft CG, for turn angles greater
than those typically required for high speed runway turnoffs on a dry surface, use
a maximum of approximately ….2…. knots. Whenever space is available make turns
using less than full tiller deflection. Avoid abrupt tiller steering inputs. If the nose
wheel is on painted or wet surfaces, the possibility of nose wheel skidding is
increased. When needed, differential braking can be used to reduce the turn radius.

Answer 6

1. 30%
2. 6-8 kt

Question 7

Taxi

For example, airports operating
under FAA criteria with takeoff and landing minimums below ……1…….
RVR are required to have a low visibility taxi plan.

Answer 7

1. 1200 feet (350 m)

Question 8

Taxi - Adverse weather

When taxiing on a slippery or contaminated surface, particularly with strong
crosswinds, use reduced speeds. Use of ……1……. assists in
maintaining airplane momentum through the turn. When nearing turn completion,
placing both engines to idle thrust reduces the potential for nose gear skidding.
Avoid using large nose wheel steering inputs to correct for skidding. ……..2…….. may be more effective than …….3……. on slippery or
contaminated surfaces. If speed is excessive, reduce speed prior to initiating a
turn.

Answer 8

1. differential engine thrust
2. Differential braking
3. nose wheel steering

Question 9

Turns of 180 degrees

Approach the edge of the taxi surface at a shallow angle until the outboard side of
the main gear wheels are near the edge. The ……1……. is a good visual reference for the outboard side of the main gear
wheels on the same side. The …..2……
is also a good reference for the opposite side main gear wheels.
[….]
Stop the airplane completely with the thrust
at idle. Hold the tiller…….3………., release the brakes, then add
thrust on the outboard engine. Only use the ….4….. on the outboard side of the turn
and maintain …….5……. knots during the turn to minimize turn radius. ………6………… helps decrease turn radius. Stopping
the airplane in a turn is not recommended unless required to reduce the turn radius.

Answer 9

1. lower outboard corner of the pilot’s
   forward window
2. lower inboard corner of the pilot’s forward window
3. to the maximum steering angle
4. engine
5. 5 to 10
6. Light
   intermittent braking on the inside main gear

Question 10

Visual Cues and Techniques for Turning while Taxiing

Except for turns less
than approximately 30°, speed should be …..1…… knots or less prior to turn entry.

[….]

Pilot siedzi ..2… m przed kółkiem przednim i …3…./…4…. przed głównym w zależności od modelu 8/9.

[….]

Turns less than 90 degrees
During the turn, steer the nose wheels far enough beyond the centerline of the turn
to keep the main gear close to the centerline.

Turns of 90 degrees or more
Initiate the turn as the ……………………..5………………………… Initially use
approximately ……6……. nose wheel steering tiller displacement. Adjust the tiller input
as the airplane turns to keep the nose wheels outside of the taxiway centerline,
near the outside radius of the turn.

Answer 10

1. 10 kt
2. 2.7m
3. 25.5m
4. 28.6m
5. intersecting taxiway centerline (or intended exit point)
   approaches approximately the center of the side window.
6. full

Question 11

180 Degree (Pivot) Turns in Less than 147.6 feet / 45 m

If a non-normal or emergency situation requires that a turn be performed on a
147.6 feet (45 m) wide runway or taxi surface, …..1…… is the preferred method. If
a tow tug is not available and the turn must be performed, a pivot turn is
recommended provided the following conditions are met:
* due to potentially high structural loads on pavement that is not solid,
this method must not be used on a routine basis
* the pavement surface is sound and free of loose debris
* the airplane does not ……………….2………………….

Lineup the outside tires of the main landing gear near the outside edge of the edge
of the taxi surface or runway. Bring the airplane to a ……3……… with engines
at ……4………… If available, use a ground observer to help accurately establish the
airplane at the edge of the taxi surface prior to initiating the turn. If an observer is
used to guide the lineup, the observer should be well clear of the area before the
pivot turn is started.
Turn the tiller to ……….5………….. and hold maximum steering angle
until the nose wheels have cleared the far side of the pavement. Apply ………..6………….. to the main gear on the side toward the inside of the turn. The braked
landing gear truck must be locked until the nose wheels clear the far edge of the
pavement. Apply sufficient thrust to the engine on the outside of the turn to pivot
the airplane about the locked gear. The engine on the inside of the turn ………7……….

Answer 11

1. towing
2. exceed maximum landing weight
3. complete stop
4. idle thrust
5. the maximum steering angle
6. full braking
   pressure
7. should
   remain at idle thrust

Question 12

180 Degree (Pivot) Turns in Less than 147.6 feet / 45 m

If a

Other considerations include:
* approximate pavement width required if the above method (metoda zawracania na wąskim pasie) is used:
787-8
* (…….1…… m)
787-9
* (…..2……. m)

787-8, 787-9
Note: If the airplane is not initially lined up within approximately
(…….3……..) meters of the starting edge of the pavement, or if the inside main
wheel brake is not locked throughout the turn, the turn may not be
completed within the width of a 147.6 foot (45 m) pavement.

Answer 12

1. 35.6m
2. 38.6m
3. 4.5m