2 - Henry VIII and Cromwell 1529-1540

Question 1

What did Cromwell’s dad do?

Answer 1

Brewer and a blacksmith

Question 2

What language was Cromwell fluent in?

What else could you describe him as in his early life?

Answer 2

Italian

Well-read and adaptable

Question 3

When did Cromwell enter Wolsey’s service and what did he become?

Answer 3

1516 and his councillor

Question 4

What happened to Cromwell in 1529 when Wolsey fell from Grace?

Answer 4

He was elected burgess for Taunton so he could remain government service

Question 5

What was Cromwell responsible for while under the role of Wolsey?

Answer 5

The suppression of 29 religious houses whose monies Wolsey endowed colleges at Ipswich and Oxford

Question 6

When did he enter the Royal service?

Answer 6

Spring of 1530

Question 7

What did he know about Wolsey that he used as a bargaining tool during his early dealings with the king?

Answer 7

He knew where Wolsey’s property was

Question 8

What did Cromwell become whilst under the role of Henry?

When did he become master of the King’s jewels?

Answer 8

Parliamentary manager

1531

Question 9

By 1533 what was it assumed Cromwell was as Henry has given him many posts during 1532-33?

Answer 9

Chief minister

Question 10

The _____ way in which Cromwell took care of Henry’s ______ from _______, enabling the King to marry _______, certainly won him favour. He became _______(April 1534) which effectively put him at the _____ of all issues that revolved around ____.

Answer 10

skilful, divorce, Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Principal Secretary, centre, Henry

Question 11

What was he appointed in July 1536?

Answer 11

Lord Privy Seal

Question 12

What happened in 1516?

What was the significance?

Answer 12

Cromwell entered Wolsey’s service and became his counsellor

He watched and learned

Question 13

What happened in 1529?

What was the significance?

Answer 13

Wolsey fell from Grace and hurriedly elected burgees (MP) for Taunton so could remain in government service
Thought of himself first as one of his “obstacles” had died and now knows how parliament works

Question 14

What happened in 1530?

What was the significance?

Answer 14

Entered the Royal service and became a member of the Privy council
Access to King an could have influence

Question 15

What happened in 1531?

What was the significance?

Answer 15

Was master of the kings jewels

Showed how much faith King had in Cromwell

Question 16

What happened in 1534?

What was the significance?

Answer 16

Took care of divorce from Catherine so he could marry Anne and became Principal Secretary and put himself at the centre of the issues to do with Henry
Did the job Wolsey couldn’t and proved himself better than Wolsey

Question 17

Cardinal ________ arrived in England in 15__to head an enquiry into the marriage between Catherine. Pope _______ was reluctant to say that Pope ______ had been wrong in letting Henry’s marriage to Catherine go ahead. ________ had controlled Rome and the Pope. He did not want his ____ Catherine embarrassed by the annulment. He was no longer Henry’s ally against ______ and didn’t see why he should help Henry. Catherine believed that her marriage was legal. Her behaviour and dignity won her much ________.

Answer 17

Campeggio, 27, Clement, Julius, Charles V, aunt, France, sympathy

Question 18

When did Cromwell realise that Pope was never going to agree to get a divorce?

Answer 18

1531

Question 19

When did Anne become pregnant?

Answer 19

January 1533

Question 20

Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer did what that wasn’t legal in the eyes of the church?

Answer 20

Married Henry and Anne secretly

Question 21

What was introduced in 1533?

Answer 21

Act of Restraint of Appeals, meant that England couldn’t be run by foreign people e,g Pope

Question 22

When did Henry and Catherine end up getting divorced and by who?

Answer 22

May 1533

Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 23

Who was in the Privy Chamber?

Answer 23

The King’s closest friends

Question 24

Who was in the Royal household?

Answer 24

Nobles and servants who advised the King

Question 25

Who was in the Royal council?

Answer 25

Nobles and churchmen who helped government was 100 men however Cromwell reduces to 20 including lawyers and professionals

Question 26

Who was in the Court?

Answer 26

nobles who entertained and advised the King

Question 27

What did Parliament do?

Answer 27

Passed laws proposed by the King, also known as MP's

Question 28

What did the Justice of the Peace do?

Answer 28

Nobles who kept law and order in different areas of the country, also known as the local government

Question 29

What was the problem with the Royal council? What did Cromwell do about it? Why was it effective? Why was it not effective?

Answer 29

It had 100 members (noblemen) and he thought it was too big Replaced it with the Privy Council that was only 20 members who were lawyers and professionals All would have equal status and experience so would stop one person dominating It did nothing and people still dominated

Question 30

What was the problem with Crime and Justice? What did Cromwell do about it? Why was it effective? Why was it not effective?

Answer 30

Ancient laws meant there were places criminals could escape justice In 1536 made sure Parliament abolished liberties, all at once In 1540 an Act of parliament abolished the right of sanctuary for serious crimes e.g rape, murder Other people could still get away with minor crimes e.g theft, assult

Question 31

What was the problem with Royal Power? What did Cromwell do about it? Why was it effective? Why was it not effective?

Answer 31

King didn't have enough control over Ireland, Wales and North of England In Ireland they introduced a permanent military force but this didn't expand their control as of costs. In Wales they changed the Welsh laws and language to English therefore completing the take over of Wales in 1536. IN the North of England they now had more responsibility of law and order by reorganising the council and improving security in 1537. Tackled disorder of Ireland and Cromwell secured support of the Gentry. In North of England it stopped rebellion. There could still be small rebellions and the people didn't have a say.

Question 32

What was the problem with Royal Finance? What did Cromwell do about it? Why was it effective? Why was it not effective?

Answer 32

More money was needed in case of invasion. Court of Augmentations (court of First Fruits and Tenths. Land were sold of quickly to noblemen and when a landowner died and the heir was a child, Crown looked after estate until heir came of age. Collected money. Spends too much.

Question 33

What was the problem with Parliament? What did Cromwell do about it? Why was it effective? Why was it not effective?

Answer 33

There was a danger of Parliament opposing Henry's religious changes. In 1532 the MP's were forced to vote, in 1533 Cromwell interfered with elections through bribery and rewards. If people disagreed they were told "need not attend" and there were pamphlets outlining laws to need in advance, this was more regularly used to gain support and it looked like people agreed with Henry. Henry got his way and no-one disagreed with his decision. MP's were scared to vote in front of Henry.

Question 34

Why did Henry want rid of Anne after only 3 years?

Answer 34

- Anne was found guilty of adultery - Cromwell has to show he could solve problems, he was in danger - Cromwell and Anne's relationship was bad - She couldn't give Henry a son - Henry was attracted to Jane Seymour - Anne imagined King's death - Anne increased a sense of foreign danger

Question 35

When did Anne give birth to Elizabeth?

Answer 35

September 1533

Question 36

When did Anne have a miscarriage?

Answer 36

1534

Question 37

When was Anne's second miscarriage? | What was different about this one?

Answer 37

January 1536 | Foetus was thought to be deformed, convincing many she was a witch

Question 38

When was Anne charged with adultery and treason? | Where was she taken?

Answer 38

May 1536 | To the tower

Question 39

When was Anne found guilty of adultery and treason?

Answer 39

15th May 1536

Question 40

What happened on the 19th May 1536?

Answer 40

Anne was executed

Question 41

How many men was she accused of having an affair with? | What are their names?

Answer 41

5 men | Mark Smeaton, Henry Norris, Lord Rochford (her brother), Weston and Brereton

Question 42

When did Jane Seymour marry Henry?

Answer 42

30th May 1536

Question 43

When did Gregory (Cromwell's son) marry Jane's sister Elizabeth?

Answer 43

1537

Question 44

When did Jane have a son called Edward?

Answer 44

12th October 1537

Question 45

When did Jane Seymour die?

Answer 45

24th October 1537

Question 46

What did Cromwell's son marrying Jane's sister give Cromwell? What happened when Jane died?

Answer 46

Security | The security was lost

Question 47

What would the marriage between Cromwell's son and Jane's sister mean if Cromwell dies?

Answer 47

His son could be close to the King