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1.10) ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY > 2. MTB Step 3 - Allergic Rhinitis & Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes > Flashcards

2. MTB Step 3 - Allergic Rhinitis & Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes Flashcards

Cards Complete:

1
Q

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

PRESENTATION

Allergic Rhinitis presents with recurrent episodes of which (6) common symptoms?

A
  1. Nasal Itching
  2. Stuffiness
  3. Rhinorrhea
  4. Paroxysms of Sneezing
  5. Eye Itching
  6. Dermatitis
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2
Q

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

TREATMENT

What is the Mainstay of Therapy for patients with Extrinsic allergies?

A

Avoidance of Allergen

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3
Q

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

TREATMENT

What are some examples of Drug Therapies used for Allergic Rhinitis?

A
  • Intranasal corticosteroids = Single Most Effective Agent
  • Antihistamines (e.g., loratadine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine)
  • Intranasal antihistamines (azelastine)
  • Cromolyn
  • Ipratropium bromide
  • Leukotriene inhibitors (e.g., montelukast)
  • Nasal saline spray and wash
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4
Q

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

BASIC SCIENCE CORRELATE

What is the Mechanism of Action (MOA) for both Cromyly and Nedocromil?

A
  • They stabilize Mast Cells
  • They prevent the degranulation of Mast Cells so that histamine & leukotrienes are not released.
  • The mechanism is entirely preventive in nature:
    • After exposure to the allergen has stimulated the Mast Cells, these drugs won’t work.
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5
Q

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

IMMUNOTHERAPY

What should be don’t for Extrinsic Allergies that can’t be avoided?

A

Desensitization Therapy

Beta-Blockers MUST be stopped before desensitization

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6
Q

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

IMMUNOTHERAPY

Under what condition should Epinephrine be used for treatment?

A

Anaphylaxis during Desensitization

  • However, if the patient is on a Beta-Blocker it will block the effect of Epinephrine*
  • The need to Stop Beta-Blockers in HIGH-YIELD*
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7
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

CVID

Who does Combined Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Syndrome present in and when in the life course?

A

Men & Women

in Adulthood

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8
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

CVID

What are (2) common Presenting Symptoms of Combined Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)?

A
  1. Recurrent SINOPULMONARY infections (Bronchitis, Sinusitis, Pneumonia, and Pharyngitis)
  2. Sprue-like Abdominal disorder (Malabsorption, Steatorrhea, and Diarrhea)

+/- Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly

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9
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

CVID

What does Diagnostic Testing show for Combined Variable Immunodeficiency Syndrome (CVID)?

A
  1. The Nodes and both B-cells & T-cells are ABSENT
  2. ABSENT Total IgG
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10
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

CVID

What is the Treatment for Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (CVID)?

A

IV Immunoglobulin (Ig) Infusions

Same as for Bruton’s

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11
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

BRUTON’S

Who does X-Linked (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia present in and when in the life course?

A

Male’s only

in Childhood

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12
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

BRUTON’S

What is (1) common Presenting Symptom of X-Linked (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia?

A
  1. Recurrent SINOPULMONARY infections (Bronchitis, Sinusitis, Pneumonia, and Pharyngitis)
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13
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

BRUTON’S

What is the Treatment for X-Linked (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia?

A

IV Immunoglobulin (Ig) Infusions

Same as with CVID

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14
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

IgA DEFICIENCY

What are (3) common Presenting Symptoms of IgA Deficiency?

A
  1. Recurrent SINOPULMONARY infections (Bronchitis, Sinusitis, Pneumonia, and Pharyngitis)
  2. Sprue-like Abdominal disorder (Malabsorption, Steatorrhea, and Diarrhea)
  3. Atopic Conditions
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15
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

IgA DEFICIENCY

What is a common cause of Anaphylaxis in patients with IgA Deficiency??

A

Receiving Blood transfusion from a donor who are NOT IgA Deficient

Must use blood from IgA Deficient donor.

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16
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

IgA DEFICIENCY

What is the Treatment for IgA Deficiency?

A

Treat the Infections as they occur

17
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

HYPER IgE

What is (1) common Presenting Symptom of X-Linked (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia?

A

Recurrent SKIN infections caused by Staphylococcus

18
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

HYPER IgE

What is the Treatment for Hyper IgE Syndrome?

A

Treat the Infections as they occur

19
Q

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

SAMPLE QUESTION

“A 3-year-old boy comes in with recurrent sinopulmonary infections. There are no nodes palpated in the cervical area and no tonsils seen on oral exam. The child has been treated for an infection nearly every 1–2 months since birth. There are no skin infections.”

What is the most likely Diagnosis?

A

X-linked (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia

1.10) ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY (2 decks)

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