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Ethmoid Bulla aka Oral Histology Exam 2 > 2 Oral Mucosa Overview > Flashcards

2 Oral Mucosa Overview Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

turnover of epithelium is impacted by what?

A

keratinization, stratification, and functional demands

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of oral epithelium

A
  1. SSNK
  2. SSPK
  3. SSK (stratified squamous orthokeretatinized meaning within oral cavity)
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3
Q

what primary cell type gives rise to SSK, SSPK, and SSNK?

A

keratinocyte

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4
Q

what produces keratin (cytokeratin) proteins?

A

keratinocyte

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5
Q

what provides structural support and minimizes mechanical stress?

A

keratin (cytokeratin) proteins

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6
Q

production of ___ results in eosinophilia of cytoplasm

A

keratin

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7
Q

what contains proteins that aggregate cytokeratin (intermediate filament) produced by stratum granulosum?

A

keratohyalin granules

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8
Q

what is a single layer of stem cells that self renews and gives rise to amplifying daughter cells (stratum spinosum)

A

stratum basale

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9
Q

how is stratum basal bound to basement membrane?

A

hemidesmosomes

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10
Q

stratum basal is found in which types of epithelium?

A

SSK, SSNK, and SSPK

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11
Q

how do keratinocytes mature?

A

upward migration and increase in size

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12
Q

turnover time of keratinocyte

A

dependent on cell proliferation and migration thru layers, ending in desquamation (shedding)

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13
Q

describe this interaction:
during development, the underlying lamina propria (CT) determines the type of epithelium

A

epithelial-mesenchyme interaction

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14
Q

epithelium can respond to environmental stimuli and alter phenotype resulting in:

A

adaptive response

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15
Q

what is the time to move from stratum basal to surface?

A

turnover rate

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16
Q

what are the turnover rate influencing factors?

A
  1. proliferation rate
  2. degree of keratinization
  3. stratification
  4. environment/external factors
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17
Q

is non-keratinized or keratinized slower?

A

keratinized is slower

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18
Q

what are environmental/external factors that affect turnover rate

A
  1. chemotherapeutics
  2. acute inflammation (increase turnover)
  3. severe inflammation (decrease turnover)
  4. frictional forces
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19
Q

outcomes of turnover

A
  1. desquamation (shedding, exfoliation)
  2. atrophy (loss of epithelium)
  3. hyperplasia (increased cell number)
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20
Q

does desquamation prevent bacterial colonization?

A

YES

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21
Q

type of epithelium and turnover (days) of:

thick skin

A

SSK

40-55 days

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22
Q

type of epithelium and turnover (days) of:

thin skin

A

SSK

30-40 days

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23
Q

type of epithelium and turnover (days) of:

hard palate

A

SSPK

24 days

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24
Q

type of epithelium and turnover (days) of:

buccal

A

SSNK

14 days

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25
what percentage of each type of mucosa makes of the oral mucosa?
1. Lining mucosa - 60% 2. Masticatory mucosa - 30% 3. Specialized mucosa - 10%
26
are nuclei present from basal to superficial surface in lining mucosa epithelium?
YES
27
what epithelium is exposed to frictional masticatory forces of varying degrees?
masticatory mucosa epithelium
28
do superficial cells lose their nuclei in SSPK of masticatory epithelium?
NO
29
are nuclei lost in stratum corneum of SSK in masticatory mucosa epithelium?
YES
30
specialized mucosa is found on what surface of the tongue?
dorsal surface
31
specialized mucosa is found on what portion of the lip?
vermillion zone (highly vascularized, no lingual papilla, SSK, and no glands)
32
key histological feature of oral epithelium surface: SSNK
1. nuclei present 2. surface cells appear light, vacuolated, flattened but larger in size 3. karatin filaments DISPERSED 4. cell layer hydrated
33
key histological feature of oral epithelium surface: SSPK
1. retained pyknotic nuclei and organelles 2. surface appears as flattened (dehydrates) 3. kertatin filamens form large BUNDLES 4. color change of superficial layer
34
key histological feature of oral epithelium surface: SSK (ortho)
1. NO nuclei, no organelles in surface layer 2. surface layer flattened, dehydrated non-vital cells called squames 3. keratin filaments form large BUNDLES on surface
35
what are epithelium projections into underlying CT that aid in adhesion
rete ridges
36
what are CT that interdigitates with rete ridges
CT papilla
37
extent of interdigitation influences the mechanical strength of tissue helps with: ____?
indentification
38
contents of lamina propria
1. ducts of salivary glands 2. few sebaceous glands 3. capillaries
39
cell types of lamina propria
1. lymphocytes (B and T cells) 2. neutrophils 3. macrophages 4. dendritic cells 5. fibroblasts
40
layers of lamina propria
1. papillary: superficial layer - LCT contributes to CT papilla 2. reticular: deeper - DICT
41
submucosa in lamina propria
*may be absent may be LCT w/ high amounts of adipose or more DICT w/ less adipose
42
contents of submucosa
adipose, MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS, larger blood vessels and nerve fascicles
43
what detemines the flexibility of a region
submucosa
44
what is the region where submucosa is absent and LP attaches directly to periosteum of bone
mucoperiosteum
45
what are regional variations of oral mucosa
1. differences due to functional demands 2. extent of epithelial keratinization 3. degree of epithelial CT interface 4. composition/structures within LP 5. presence or absence of submucosa 6. overall thickness of mucosa
46
functions of oral mucosa
1. protection against mechanical forces 2. physical barrier to microorganism, toxins, and antigens 3. provide immunological defense via humoral and cell mediate immune respons
47
numerous glands are found throughout ___ within oral mucosa
submucosa
48
function of minor salivary glands
1. keep oral mucosa moist 2. provide protection 3. provide lubrication and buffering capacity
49
function and appearance of serous glands
- secrete water/serous secretions - stains very eosinophilic due to proteins in secretion - aids in taste perception
50
location of serous glands
- anterior sulcus terminalis of tongue - circumvallate and foliate lingual papillae
51
function and appearance of mucous glands
- secrete viscous (mucous) secretions - appears pale staining with H/E due to mucin glycoproteins
52
location of mucous glands
- areas requiring lubrication due to functional role in bolus formation - e.g. soft palate, posterior hard palate, posterior 1/3 of tongue
53
function of mixed glands
produce mixed secretions where distribution is not equal
54
location of mixed glands
- areas required to keep epithelium moist associated w/ lining mucosa - e.g. ventral anterior 2/3 of tongue, labial buccal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal submucosa)
55
innervations to oral cavity mucosa provide what?
1. general sensory (GSA) 2. taste (SVA) 3. secretomotor (GVE)
56
sensory receptors in oral mucosa
1. nociceptors (pain) 2. mechano receptors (touch, pressure, and vibration) 3. chemoreceptors (taste) 4. thermorecepors (temp)
57
fiber types for nociceptors
1. alpha-delta: free nerve endings, lightly myelinated 2. c-fibers: unmyelinated
58
fiber types for mechanoreceptors
alpha-beta: free or encapsulated nerve endings
59
fiber types for thermoreceptors
alpha-delta
60
what are changes in the extent of keratinization that may occur as a physiological ADAPTIVE RESPONSE due to chronic irritation or trauma?
hyperkeratosis
61
Can hyperkeratosis occur in non-keratinized epithelium?
YES - but often requires biopsy

Ethmoid Bulla aka Oral Histology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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