2 organic molecules + carbs

Question 1

what is the ratio for the molecules in carbs?

Answer 1

C : 2H : O

Question 2

what are carbohydrates polymers of?

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 3

what bonds join two monosaccharides together?

Answer 3

glycosidic

Question 4

what reaction forms glycosidic bonds?

Answer 4

condensation (loss of water)

Question 5

what reaction breaks glycosidic bonds?

Answer 5

hydrolysis (gain of water)

Question 6

what is a monosaccharide?

Answer 6

one monomer (a simple sugar)

Question 7

what is a disaccharide?

Answer 7

two monosaccharide bonded together

Question 8

what is an oligosaccharide?

Answer 8

a few (less than 20) monosaccharides bonded together

Question 9

what is a polysaccharide?

Answer 9

many monosaccharides bonded together

Question 10

give 6 examples of carbohydrates

Answer 10

glucose
fructose
amylose
amylopectin
cellulose
glycogen

Question 11

what are glucose and fructose?

Answer 11

monosaccharides

Question 12

give 3 functions of glucose

Answer 12

1. one of the main sources of calories
2. plays a crucial role in cellular respiration
3. can cross the blood brain barrier

Question 13

where is fructose found?

Answer 13

naturally in fruits and honey

Question 14

what are two types of starch?

Answer 14

amylose and amylopectin

Question 15

what is the structure of amylose and amylopectin?

Answer 15

amylose : helical
amylopectin : branched

Question 16

what type of bonds do amylose and amylopectin have?

Answer 16

amylose : 1-4 glycosidic bonds
amylopectin : 1-4, 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 17

where are amylose and amylopectin found?

Answer 17

both in plant cells

Question 18

what are amylose and amylopectin polysaccharides of?

Answer 18

alpha glucose

Question 19

describe the structure of amylose for its function

Answer 19

compact to store glucose in a small space

Question 20

describe the structure of amylopectin for its function

Answer 20

increased surface area for hydrolysis

Question 21

describe the structure of cellulose

Answer 21

linear chain stacked to form microfibrils using H bonds - which then form the lamellae of the cell wall

Question 22

what type of bonds are in cellulose?

Answer 22

1-4,1-6 glycosidic bonds
H bonds (?)

Question 23

what is the monosaccharide of cellulose?

Answer 23

beta glucose

Question 24

describe the structure of glycogen

Answer 24

branched structure

Question 25

why does glycogen have a branched structure?

Answer 25

for rapid hydrolysis

Question 26

what type of bonds are in glycogen?

Answer 26

1-4, 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 27

where is glycogen stored?

Answer 27

in the liver and muscles

Question 28

what process is glycogen involved in?

Answer 28

glycogenolysis

Question 29

what is glycogenolysis?

Answer 29

glycogen being broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream

Question 30

what is glycogen a polysaccharide of?

Answer 30

alpha glucose