2 Organisation of the organism Flashcards
(30 cards)
Plant Cells
- Cell wall: Present (made of cellulose)
- Nucleus: Present, close to cell wall
- Cytoplasm: Present
- Chloroplasts: Present
- Vacuoles: Large, containing cell sap
- Cell membrane: Present, surrounded by cell wall
- Shape: Fixed shaped by cell wall
Animal Cells
- Cell wall: Absent
- Nucleus: Present
- Cytoplasm: Present
- Chloroplasts: Absent
- Vacuoles: Small, no cell sap
- Cell membrane: present
- Shape: No fixed shape
Cell Membrane
- forms a barrier between the cell and surrounding
- keep cell contents in
- allow substances to enter and leave the cell (e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water)
- control movement of other substances into and out of the cell. e.g. glucose
- Partially permeable
Nucleus
- controls all activities in the cell
- controls the development of cell
Cytoplasm
- chemical reactions take place
- contains ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles
Chloroplast
-contains chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis
Cell Wall
- Prevent cells from bursting
- Gives shape to cell
- Allow substances to pass through (fully permeable)
Sap Vacuole
- full of water to maintain shape and firmness of cell
- stores salts and sugars
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- ribosomes present on outer surface
- package and transport proteins made by ribosomes
- small pieces of rough ER form vesicles to transport protein around the cell
Ribosomes
- synthesise protein
Mitochondria
- aerobic respiration occurs
- cells with high rates of metabolism
require large numbers of mitochondria to
provide sufficient energy
Ciliated cells
- beat back and forth to create current to move fluid
- move the mucus that traps dust and pathogens in the trachea and bronchi
- move the egg from the ovary to the uterus in the oviducts
Root hair cells
- long extensions give them a large surface area
- absorb water and ions from the soil
Xylem vessels
- cylindrical and empty
- arranged into column-like pipes
- thickened with bands of cellulose and LIGNIN
- carry water and ions up the stems
- support stem and leaves
-made of dead cellulose cells
Palisade mesophyll cells
- closely packed
- contains numerous chloroplasts that trap light energy
- starch grains found in the cytoplasm
- photosynthesis
Ciliated epithelial cell
Moving mucus in the trachea and the bronchi of the lungs. Ciliated cells also move the ovum and zygote down the fallopian tube
Cilia are hair-like extensions of the cell. They are constantly moving and sweep mucus long
Nerve cells
- thin extensions of the cytoplasm like wires
- conduction of impulses
Red blood cells
- Shaped like flattened discs to provide large surface area to volume ratio (biconcave shape)
- contains haemoglobin that carries oxygen
- transport of oxygen
Sperm and egg cells
- reproduction
- gamates
Tissue
group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function
Organ
structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions
Organ System
a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions
Magnification Calculations
AIM or MIA
Prokaryotes
Organisms that do not have a proper nucleus enclosing their genetic material.
