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BDS3 ORTHODONTICS > 2 - Orthodontic assessment > Flashcards

2 - Orthodontic assessment Flashcards

1
Q

At what age should initial orthodontic assessment occur?

A

9 years

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2
Q

At what age should a comprehensive orthodontic assessment occur?

A

11-12 years

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3
Q

Define malocclusion.

A

Significant deviations from the ideal, which can be considered unsatisfactory aesthetically or functionally and may require treatment

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4
Q

What MH can contra-indicate orthodontics?

A
  • allergy (Ni or latex, although allergy in the mouth is less common)
  • removable appliances are not suitable for epileptics
  • those undergoing MRI scans cannot have fixed appliances
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5
Q

What DH can contra-indicate orthodontics?

A
  • trauma to the permanent dentition (root resorption)
  • infrequent attender
  • poor OH
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6
Q

What habits can contribute to teeth becoming proclined?

A
  • thumb/digit sucking
  • lower lip sucking
  • tongue thrust
  • chewing finger nails (can cause root resorption of 1s)
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7
Q

What is tongue thrust?

A
  • all babies do this when edentulous to create seal when swallowing
  • usually stops when teeth come in
  • can cause teeth to become proclined and any treatment will likely relapse
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8
Q

What planes do you examine the patient in?

A
  • antero-posterior
  • vertical
  • transverse
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9
Q

How do you assess AP clinically?

A
  • visual
  • palpate skeletal bases (index and middle finger)
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10
Q

What is soft tissue point A?

A

Inner most curvature of upper lip (basal bone)

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11
Q

What is soft tissue point B?

A

Inner most curvature of lower lip

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12
Q

Describe a class I skeletal relationship.

A

Maxilla 2-3mm in front of mandible

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13
Q

Describe a class II skeletal relationship.

A

Maxilla more than 3mm in front of mandible

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14
Q

Describe a class III skeletal relationship.

A

Maxilla <2mm in front of mandible or maxilla behind mandible

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15
Q

How do you assess the vertical plane clinically?

A
  • Frankfort-Mandibular planes angle (FMPA)
  • the angle created by the Frankfort plane and lower border of mandible
  • lines should meet at the back of the head
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16
Q

What is the consequence of an increased FMPA?

A

Anterior open bite

17
Q

What is the consequence of an decreased FMPA?

A

Deep bite

18
Q

How do you assess the transverse plane clinically?

A
  • look at patient straight on and have them looking down
  • check that the centre of the face aligns with the centre of the mandible (ignore nose)
19
Q

Describe competent lips.

A
  • lips meet at rest
  • relaxed mentalis muscle
20
Q

Describe incompetent lips.

A
  • lips do not meet at rest
  • relaxed mentalis muscle
21
Q

Describe lip trap.

A
  • lower lip trapped by upper incisors
  • may procline upper incisors
  • may lead to relapse of overjet if persists at the end of treatment
22
Q

Describe a strap lower lip.

A
  • hyper active lower lip may retrocline lower incisors
  • indicates likely instability at the end of treatment
23
Q

What are the occlusal effects of thumb/digit sucking?

A
  • unilateral posterior crossbite
  • vertical height can be incorrect
  • reduced or incomplete overbite, localised AOB
  • narrow upper arch
  • proclination of upper anterior, retroclination of lower anteriors
24
Q

What should be assessed intra-orally during an orthodontic assessment?

A
  • OH/perio
  • teeth present
  • any teeth of poor prognosis
  • crowding/spacing/rotated teeth
  • inclination/angulation
  • palpate for canines if not present
  • any teeth of unusual morphology
25
Q

What is the correct angulation of the upper incisors?

A

110 degrees from the Frankfort plane

26
Q

Describe a class I incisor relationship.

A

Lower incisors occlude with the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors

27
Q

Describe a class II div 1 incisor relationship.

A

The lower incisors lie posterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors, the upper incisors are proclined and there is an increase in overjet

28
Q

Describe a class II div 2 incisor relationship.

A

The lower incisors lie posterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors, the upper incisors are retroclined, so the overjet is usually reduced

29
Q

Describe a class III incisor relationship.

A

The lower incisors edges lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, the overjet is reduced or likely reversed

BDS3 ORTHODONTICS (10 decks)

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