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2. Osteopathic Reflexes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a D.O.?

A
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2
Q

Name the osteopathic reflexes.

A
  • viscerosomatic
  • somatovisceral
  • viscerovisceral
  • somatosomatic
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3
Q

relationship between an input stimulus to the body and an output action to either a muscle or a secretory organ

A

reflex

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4
Q

Describe myotaic reflex.

A
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5
Q

Dorsal horn neurons can respond to what type of stimuli?

A

visceral & somatic stimuli

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6
Q

“…Characteristics of reflex function as modulated by messages from other areas of the (1) _____ and by activity of the (2) ____ and (3) ____ systems.”

A
  1. nervous system
  2. endocrine system
  3. immune system
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7
Q

processing area of spinal cord

A

gray matter

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8
Q

upper layers 1-6 of spinal cord gray matter

A
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9
Q

components of lower layers

A
  • interneurons
  • motoneuron cell bodies
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10
Q

afferent fibers: visceral and somatic

A
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11
Q

afferent fibers: visceral and somatic

visceral afferents

A

activate sympatehtic outflows and skeletal muscle motor neurons

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12
Q

afferent fibers: visceral and somatic

reverse activation

A

somatic inputs later sympathetic and paraysympathetic outlfows

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13
Q

descending influences on reflexes

A
  • visceral disturbances cause activation in the somatic musculature
  • somati disturbances can alter visceral function

This is the basis for decompensation of homeostasis (basis for loss of health).

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14
Q

somatic component of disease

A
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15
Q

basis of the facilitated segment concept

A
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16
Q

sensitization

A
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17
Q

habituation

A
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18
Q

nociception theory: what 2 processes exist together to help maintain a homeostasis between over-reaction and under-reaction to a sitmulus?

A
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19
Q

facilitation

A
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20
Q

activation of nociceptive pathways

A
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21
Q

nociception theory

A
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22
Q

short term excitability - sensitization

A
  • 1-2 seconds of afferent input
  • excitability last for 90-120 seconds
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23
Q

long term excitability - sensitization

A
  • inputs of several minutes
  • excitability lasts for hours
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24
Q

fixation

A
  • 15-40 minutes of afferent input
  • excitability lasts for days or weeks
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25
permanent excitability
* lasts forever (?) - a long time * death of inhibitory interneurons
26
steps for increasing sensitivity of neurons
27
facilitated segment concept
28
allostasis
long-term neural effect of segmental facilitation
29
allostasis
30
allostasis
31
multiple effects on body systems affecting homeostasis
32
somatosomatic osteopathic reflex
localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures
33
somatovisceral osteopathic reflex
localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures
34
viscerosomatic osteopathic reflex
localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures
35
viscerovisceral osteopathic reflex
localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures
36
withdrawal response
a somatosomatic reflex response that occurs when a noxious stimulus is applied to a somatic structure (*complex withdrawal due to pain ...*)
37
myotatic response
somatosomatic reflex response that occurs when stretch receptor is stimulated and stretched musle receives impulse to fire, while its antagonist receives an inhibitory message
38
example of viscerovisceral reflex
distention of gut (results in increased contraction of the gut muscle)
39
examples of somatovisceral reflexes
* somatiocardiac reflex * somatogastric reflex * somatoadrenal reflex
40
Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) ____ and (2) \_\_\_\_. This is an example of (3) \_\_\_\_\_\_.
1. elevation of HR 2. elevation of BP 3. somatocardiac reflex
41
Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) \_\_\_\_. This is an example of (2) \_\_\_\_\_\_.
1. inhibition of peristalsis in the stomach 2. somatogastric reflex
42
Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in (1) \_\_\_\_. This is an example of (2) \_\_\_\_\_\_.
1. release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla 2. somatoadrenal reflex
43
somatic pain referral due to visceral nociceptive stimuli
viscerosomatic reflexes
44
All visceral nerves contain ___ fibers.
sensory
45
Vagus nerve is \_\_% sensory.
80-90%
46
Cell bodies are located in the ___ or \_\_\_\_\_.
DRG or vagal ganglia
47
sympathetic head and neck (upper esophagus)
T1-T5
48
sympathetic upper GI (upper esophagus)
T5-T10
49
sympathetic small intestine/ascending colon
T9-T11
50
sympathetic ascending and transverse colon
T10-L2
51
sympathetic descending and sigmoid colon/rectum
T12-L2
52
parasympathetic upper GI (upper esophagus)
Vagus n. (OA, AA)
53
parasympathetic small intestine/ascending colon
vagus n. (OA, AA)
54
parasympathetic ascending and transverse colon
vagus n. (OA, AA)
55
parasympathetic descending and sigmoid colon/rectum
S2-S4 (sacrum)
56
sympathetic upper/lower extremities
T2-T7 // T1-L2 (**no parasympathetic)**
57
sympathetic heart
T1-T6
58
parasympathetic heart
vagus n. (OA, AA)
59
sympathetic adrenals
T5-T10
60
parasympathetic adrenals
vagus n. (OA, AA)
61
sympathetic lungs
T1-T7
62
parasympathetic lungs
vagus n. (OA, AA)
63
sympathetic genitourinary tract
T10-L2
64
parasympathetic reproductive organs/pelvis
S2-S4 (sacrum)
65
sympathetic upper ureter
T10-T11
66
sympathetic lower ureter
T12-L2
67
parasympathetic upper ureter
vagus n. (OA, AA)
68
parasympathetic bladder
S2-S4 (sacrum)
69
parasympathetic bladder
S2-S4 (sacrum)
70
parasympathetic lower ureter
S2-S4 (sacrum)
71
parasympathetic reproductive organs
S2-S4 (sacrum)
72
Chapman's reflexes
73
Frank Chapman's history
74
What are Chapman's reflexes?
75
3 component characteristics of Chapman's reflexes
76
palpatory features of Chapman's reflexes
77
Diagnosis and testing of Chapman's Reflexes
78
Describe pain (involved in Chapman's reflex).
79
Chapman's point treatment
80
Indications for Chapman's Reflex
81
Contraindications of Chapman's reflexes
82
Documenting Chapman's reflexes
83
Post-treatment precautions side effects
84
Chapman's Reflex Studies (Pulmonary)
85
Chapman's Reflex Studies (GI)
86
Osteopathic Philosophical Application of this Lecture

OS (9 decks)

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