2. Parenting Styles Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the three parenting styles identified by Baumrind?
Authoritarian, Permissive, Authoritative
A fourth group identified is rejecting-neglecting.
What are the percentages of the parenting styles identified by Baumrind?
20% authoritarian, 30% permissive, 19% authoritative, and 8% rejecting-neglecting.
Describe the characteristics of authoritarian parenting.
High control, low warmth, values obedience, uses discipline and punishment, discourages affection and independence
More commonly used in cultures such as Asian.
What defines permissive parenting?
Warm and loving, little control, rarely restricts or punishes, consults child for decisions
Often indulgent and accepting of the child’s desires.
What are the key features of authoritative parenting?
High control with warmth, clear boundaries, supportive, bi-directional communication, age-appropriate autonomy
Provides reasoning and explanations for rules.
What critique is associated with Baumrind’s parenting styles?
- Fails to account for cultural differences
- Too vague and simple - parent-child relationship is a dynamic process
- Unidirectional view - ignores child’s influence (e.g. gender, temperament)
- Assumes one style is best - culture, children respond better to differnt types of parenting
What does Lewis (1981) suggest about parenting styles?
Parenting styles reflect children, not parents
Child effects - parenting is determined by child
According to Maccoby and Martin (1983), what dimensions define parenting style?
Levels of demandingness and responsiveness
Instead of control and warmth.
What do Darling and Steinberg (1993) argue about parenting goals?
Parents’ goals for socialising their children determine parenting practices
Goals drive both parenting style and practice.
What is the difference between parenting style and parenting practice?
Parenting style moderates the relationship between practice and outcome (indirect effect on child outcomes)
Parenting practices is the behaviours that directly help achieve socialisation goals (direct effect)
Parenting practice is domain specific, parenting style isn’t
What example illustrates the relationship between parenting style and practice?
Goal = homework; Practice = tell child to do homework; Style = permissive allows child to refuse
Child’s willingness to comply can vary.
What did the meta-analysis by Pinquart (2016) find about authoritative parenting?
Most successful for academic success in Western societies
Weaker effects in ethnic minority groups.
According to Steinberg et al. (1992), which parenting style is more effective for Asian Americans?
Authoritarian parenting
Authoritative parenting is more beneficial for European Americans.
Fill in the blank: Baumrind combined parenting style and practice, while Darling & Steinberg _______.
separated them
