2. Patterns of Lung Disease

Question 1

The loss of the normal

radiographic contour

Answer 1

Silhouette Sign

Question 2

If you cannot see the spine through the heart relative to the PA view, the image is

Answer 2

underpenetrated (too light)

Question 3

consolidation of the LUL (apical posterior segment disease) obliterates the

Answer 3

aortic knob

Question 4

Lingula consolidation (inferior segment disease) obliterates the

Answer 4

left heart border

Question 5

An infiltrate (LLL disease) obscures the

Answer 5

descending thoracic aorta

Question 6

If the consolidation is behind the heart its in the

Answer 6

left lower lobe

Question 7

will cause a silhouette sign of the upper right

heart border and the right tracheal lung interface

Answer 7

RUL consolidation

Question 8

will obliterate the left atrium, the aortic knob, and the anterior and middle mediastinum

Answer 8

LUL consolidation

Question 9

When bronchi are surrounded by diseased fluid filled alveoli, the dense water density of the fluid surrounding the bronchi result in the

Answer 9

air bronchogram sign

Question 10

indicates that a pulmonary lesion is present

Answer 10

Air bronchogram sign

Question 11

Sometimes air bronchograms seen through the cardiac shadow is the most definitive sign of

Answer 11

LLL

consolidation

Question 12

Air filled bronchi that are very crowded together

indicate

Answer 12

nonobstructive

atelectasis

Question 13

Channels running between two adjacent alveoli across the

alveolar wall

Answer 13

Pores of Kohn & Canals of Lambert

Question 14

Small apertures which

occur in the alveolar wall

Answer 14

Alveolar Pores (Pores of Kohn)

Question 15

Permit the spread of bacteria and exudate to

adjacent alveoli

Answer 15

Alveolar Pores (Pores of Kohn)

Question 16

Openings in the walls of terminal bronchioles or
respiratory bronchioles, which communicate
with alveoli

Answer 16

Canals of Lambert

Question 17

Provide an alternative route for entry or escape of air and probably play an important role in lung fibrosis

Answer 17

Canals of Lambert

Question 18

Provide an avenue through which macrophages
can pass from the alveolus to respiratory and
terminal bronchioles

Answer 18

Canals of Lambert

Question 19

may produce bloody or rust-colored sputum

Answer 19

Pneumococci

Question 20

may produce sputum
resembling currant jelly due to necrosis, inflammation,
and hemorrhage

Answer 20

Klebsiella and type 3 Pneumococci

Question 21

results in an aggressive

necrotizing lobar pneumonia

Answer 21

Klebsiella (aka Friedlander) pneumonia

Question 22

CD4 counts below 200/mm3, small pneumatocoeles, sub pleural blebs, and a fine reticular interstitial pulmonary pattern

Answer 22

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia

Question 23

• Areas of normal lung
• Areas of inflammatio
• Areas of end-stage, scarred, and non-functioning cystic lung with the appearance of a honeycomb.

Answer 23

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP)

Question 24

are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma

Answer 24

Pulmonary pneumatoceles

Question 25

Most often, they occur as a sequela to acute pneumonia, commonly caused by Staph aureus

Answer 25

Pulmonary pneumatoceles

Question 26

opportunistic infection is now most commonly associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Answer 26

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia

Question 27

Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia)

Answer 27

Staphylococcal infection

Question 28

begins in airways and spreads to peribronchial alveoli and may look like an alveolar pneumonia

Answer 28

Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia)

Question 29

loss of air space and its replacement with fluid is | called

Answer 29

consolidation

Question 30

multiple foci of isolated, acute consolidation, affecting | one or more pulmonary lobes

Answer 30

Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia)

Question 31

an infection in the lungs | caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 31

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 32

most commonly affected lobes of the lung in Pneumococcal pneumonia?

Answer 32

lower lobe and RML

Question 33

- pleural effusion from involvement of pleura - diaphragmatic splinting and elevation - air bronchograms

Answer 33

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Question 34

complication of debilitating disease densities of varying sizes that are poorly defined, small and mottled

Answer 34

Bronchopneumonia

Question 35

poorly defined, irregular areas of increased radiodensity in the right lower and middle lobes most commonly

Answer 35

Aspiration Pneumonia

Question 36

confluent alveolar pneumonia in elderly and debilitated with sudden onset and may be fatal in few days

Answer 36

Klebsiella aka Friedlander’s Pneumonia

Question 37

initially looks like bronchopneumonia with patchy areas usually upper lobes with pulmonary cavitation

Answer 37

Klebsiella aka Friedlander’s Pneumonia

Question 38

An acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma;

Answer 38

Primary Atypical Pneumonia (walking pneumonia)

Question 39

streaky densities extending from hilum along vascular markings and scattered alveolar patchy densities

Answer 39

peribronchial type of Primary Atypical Pneumonia

Question 40

poorly defined scattered radiopacities

Answer 40

Bronchopneumonic type of Primary Atypical Pneumonia

Question 41

may present | in a perihilar location and look like pulmonary edema

Answer 41

viral pneumonia

Question 42

Frequently bilateral and associated with pleural effusion

Answer 42

viral pneumonia

Question 43

small, widespread, poorly defined nodules | diffusely scattered throughout lungs

Answer 43

Miliary Pattern

Question 44

primary TB may spread to the lung via

Answer 44

blood

Question 45

Cavitation of an acute suppurative pulmonary | infectious process

Answer 45

Lung Abscess

Question 46

downward displacement of interlobar fissure with increased radiopacity of lobe and blurring of right heart border

Answer 46

Right Middle Lobe Syndrome

Question 47

Most frequently, the lung abscess arises as a complication of

Answer 47

aspiration pneumonia

Question 48

patients with aspiration pneumonia commonly have

Answer 48

periodontal disease

Question 49

collection of air in a crescentic shape that separates the wall of a cavity from an inner mass.

Answer 49

air crescent sign

Question 50

characteristic of Aspergillus colonization of preexisting cavities, and other lesions.

Answer 50

air crescent sign

Question 51

extravasation of | fluid from the pulmonary vasculature into the interstitium and alveoli

Answer 51

Pulmonary edema

Question 52

bronchi may dilate

Answer 52

Bronchiectasis

Question 53

a chronic, destructive, infective process of bronchi and bronchioles that results in loss of structural integrity and permanent abnormal dilation of airways

Answer 53

Bronchiectasis

Question 54

seen in advanced asthma

Answer 54

hyperinflation

Question 55

``` Hyperinflation of the lungs resulting in a radiographic finding of increased radiolucency (air trapping) is the primary change seen in ```

Answer 55

COPD

Question 56

abnormal enlargement of the air spaces

Answer 56

Pulmonary Emphysema

Question 57

associated with emphysema due to liver disease

Answer 57

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Question 58

the minimum | expansion to rule out COPD should be

Answer 58

2 inches

Question 59

large air sac formed by massive alveolar wall breakdown

Answer 59

Bulla

Question 60

Altered size and shape of the thorax due to formation of a kyphosis

Answer 60

Senescent or Postural Emphysema

Question 61

deflation of the normal lung with persistent | inflation of obstructed lung

Answer 61

Acute Obstructive Emphysema

Question 62

most common cause for centrilobular emphysema is

Answer 62

smoking

Question 63

- segmental or lobar air space consolidation - ipsilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy - pleural effusion

Answer 63

primary pulmonary TB

Question 64

a nodule in TB may become calcified or | ossified, resulting in a calcified granuloma called a

Answer 64

Ghon | Lesion

Question 65

rounded discrete nodules that are | known to harbor bacilli

Answer 65

Tuberculomas

Question 66

Hilar lymph node calcification | complemented by Ghon lesion

Answer 66

Ranke Complex