2 Plant organelles

Question 1

which organelles are found both in animal and plant cells? (5)

Answer 1

cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (and more)

Question 2

which organelles are found in plant cells, but not animal cells? (2)

Answer 2

permanent vacuoles, chloroplasts

Question 3

permanent vacuole (3)

Answer 3

• a huge bubble inside the middle of every cell
• surrounded by a specialized membrane called the tonoplast
• vacuole is filled with cell sap

Question 4

tonoplast (2)

Answer 4

• speacial membrane that contains many different protein channels and carrier systems
• controls the movement of substances into and out of the vacuole (so controls the water potential of the cell)

Question 5

cell sap (4)

Answer 5

• storage
• a solution of various substances in water
• causes water to move into the cell by osmosis
• means the cytoplasm is kept pressed against the cell wall, which keeps the cells turgid so plant stays upright

Question 6

different possible function of vacuoles (5)

Answer 6

• maintaing the plant cell shape
• they store substances such as pigments
• can store proteins in the cells of seeds and fruits
• they store waste products and other chemicals
• in some plant cells they can contain lytic enzymes and have functions similar to lysosomes in animal cells

Question 7

chloroplasts (4)

Answer 7

• double membrane bound
• enable plants to make their own food
• only cells from green part of plant contain chloroplasts
• cells in flowers, seeds, roots, internal cells of stems or the transport tissues contain no chloroplast

Question 8

draw chloroplast (8) (2gives one point up)

Answer 8

see book

Question 9

compare and contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria (6)

Answer 9

similarities=

• are large organelles and have a biconvex shape
• contain their own DNA
• are surrounded by an outer membrane
• have a folded inner membrane that gives increased surface area where enzyme controlled reactions take place

differences=

• chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, while mitochondria are not
• chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, while mitochondria do not

Question 10

chlorophyll

Answer 10

• the green pigment that is largely responsible for trapping the energy from light, making it available for the plant to use

Question 11

Amyloplasts (3)

Answer 11

• single membrane bound
• colourless and store starch
• the starch can be converted to glucose and used to provide energy when the cell needs it