2 Population Flashcards
(26 cards)
demography
the study of population numbers, distribution, trends and issues
developed country
the world’s wealthiest countries; they have well-established infrastructures and their people are well-housed, healthy, and have good literacy skills
developing country
countries that have lower standards of living than developing countries; many have extensive poverty
birth rate
the number of births per 1000 people in a country in a given year
death rate
the number of deaths per 1000 people in a country in a given year
immigration rate
the number of new arrivals in a country in a given year per 1000 people
emigration rate
the number of people leaving a country in a given year per 1000 people
natural increase
the rate at which a population increases (or decreases) in a year expressed as a percentage of the total population; calculated by subtracting the death rate from birth rate
exponential growth rate
a rapid rate of population growth as each generation doubles in size
rule of 70
the time it takes a country to double its population, approximately 70 divided by the country’s growth rate
doubling time
the number of years it takes a country to double its population at its current growth rate
net migration
the difference between the number of people immigrating to a country, and the number of people emigrating
population growth rate
the rate at which a country’s population increases or decreases, calculated by adding natural increase and net migration
life expectancy
the average number of years an individual is expected to live
demographic transition model
a model that shows changes in a population’s birth and death rates and growth based on technological development
mortality
death rate, calculated as a number of deaths per 1000 people in a popluation
family planning
the concept of limiting the size of families
total fertility rate
the average number of children born over the lifetime of a typical woman in a particular country
one-child policy
a policy adopted by China to control growth
population pyramid
a bar graph that shows male and female populations back to back at age intervals of five years
age cohort
an age group in a population, for example, the number of people between the ages of 10 and 14
dependency ratio
the proportion of the population (children and those over 64 years of age) that is being supported by the working age group
carrying capacity
the maximum number of people that can be sustained by an environment
population distribution
the pattern of where people live in an area
