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CS2 Exam I > 2: Principles of Reproduction- Henry > Flashcards

2: Principles of Reproduction- Henry Flashcards

1
Q

primary function of the testes

A
  1. hormone production (testosterone)

2. sperm production aka spermatogenesis

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2
Q

cells that lie between the tubules and produce testosterone

A

leydig cells

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3
Q

part of the wall of the tubules and divides the tubules into two compartments

A

sertoli cells

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4
Q

functions of the leydig cell

A
  1. testosterone synthesis

2. testosterone secretion into the blood

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5
Q

key functions of the sertoli cells

A
  1. support germ cells
  2. signal spermatogenesis
  3. regulate pituitary function
  4. produce androgen binding protein
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6
Q

key regulator of testosterone production in leydig cells

A

LH

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7
Q

key regulator of sertoli cell proliferation and semniferous tube growth

A

FSH

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8
Q

______ regulate pulsatile release of gonadotropins which is impacted by multiple factors

A

GnRH

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9
Q

from leydig cells, inhibits release of gonadotropins through negative feedback loop

A

testosterone

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10
Q

from sertoli cells in response to FSH inhibits release through negative feedback

A

inhibin B

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11
Q

blocks effects of inhibin B

A

activin

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12
Q

LH promotes…

A
  • cholesterol movement from outer to inner mitochondrial membrane by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
  • conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone
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13
Q

enzyme specific to gonads that converts androstenedione to testosterone

A

17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

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14
Q

converts testosterone to 17b estradiol

A

aromatase

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15
Q

which proteins are secreted testosterone bound to?

A

albumin
sex hormone binding globulin SHBG
androgen binding protein (from sertoli cells)

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16
Q

DHT =

A

dihydrotestosterone

conversion to DHT from testosterone allows for prolonged androgen action

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17
Q

epiphyseal closure, suppress osteoporosis, feedback regulation at hypothalamus

A

estradiol

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18
Q

sexual development, pubic and underarm hair development, activity of sebaceous glands

A

DHT

19
Q

spermatogonia proliferation =_________. spermatid formation = __________.

A

mitosis

meiosis

20
Q

maturation of spermatids =

A

spermiogenesis

21
Q

release from sertoli cells =

A

spermiation

22
Q

how long does spermatogenesis take?

A

70 days

23
Q

___ and ____ are needed for complete maturation of the spermatozoa

A

FSH

testosterone

24
Q

prinicipal reproductive organ responsible for estrogen and progesterone production as well as the storage and release of the ovum

A

ovaries

25
Q

diploid oocyte remains arrested until….

A

signaled to undergo apoptosis or develop to haploid secondary oocyte

26
Q

oocytes associtae with follicular cells to form the _____

A

follicle

follicle consists of internal granulosa cells and external thecal cells

27
Q

day 1- 14 =

day 15-28 =

A 
follicular phase (estradiol)
luteal phase (estradiol and progesterone)
28
Q

estradiol production is under control of

A

LH and FSH

29
Q

rise in estradiol produces a…

A

low-amplitude, high-frequency LH secretion needed for follicle development

surge in estradiol also produces LH and FSH surge at mid-cycle which induces ovulation

30
Q

____ promotes proliferation of the endometrial lining

A

estrogen

31
Q

______ synthesize androstenedione in response to LH

A

theca cells

32
Q

androstenedione is converted to ______ in granulosa cells which is controlled by _____

A

estradiol

FSH

33
Q

ovulation is stimulated by a surge in _

A

LH

34
Q

______ is thermogenic and produces as 0.5-0.8 degree increase in BBT

A

pregesterone - can be used as an indicator of ovulation

35
Q

mid-cycle surge in LH induced by positive feedback of _______

A

high estrogen levels

36
Q

rise in progesterone and estradiol is under the control of ______

A

LH

37
Q

spike in inhibin B following ______. rise in inhibin A secretion during ______.

A

ovulation

luteal phase

38
Q

______ promotes differentiation of endometrial cells into secretory cells

A

progesterone

39
Q

androstenedione is converted to estradiol in the ________

A

luteinized granulosa cells

40
Q

if implantation occurs, the corpus luteum does not regress. Instead placetal derived ________

A

human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates ovarian steroidogenesis

41
Q

after week __, maintenance of pregnancy is not dependent on corpus luteum since the placenta can synthesize steroids

A

week 8

42
Q

hatching =

apposition =

A

break down of the zona pellucida

trophoblastic cells of the balstocyst make contact with endometrium

43
Q

_____- send out protrusions and invade endometrium

A

syncytiotrophoblasts

44
Q

do maternal and fetal blood mix?

A

NO

CS2 Exam I (18 decks)

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