2 -PT

Question 1

other name for good pastures

Answer 1

anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Question 2

what is good pastures/anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Answer 2

auto antibodies against type IV collagen

Question 3

anti-glomerular basement membrane disease/goodpastures, why kidney and pulmonary affected

Answer 3

against type IV collagen that are found in these sites

Question 4

anti-glomerular basement membrane disease/ good pastures: nephritis or nephrotic

Answer 4

nephritis (inflammation = itis)

Question 5

renal biopsy: mesangial proliferation, immunofluorescence+

Answer 5

IgA nephropathy

Question 6

treatment for IgA nephropathy

Answer 6

control BP with ACE, immune suppression

Question 7

Is a systemic variant of IgA nephropathy

Answer 7

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Question 8

Pathophysiology of Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Answer 8

systemic IgA immune complex formation that causes small vessel vasculitis - get purpuric rash on extensor surfaces, usually legs

Question 9

which types of glomerulonephritis’ can cause end stage renal failure

Answer 9

IgA, Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Question 10

good pastures treatment

Answer 10

plasma exchange, steroids +/- cytotoxics (methotrexate)

Question 11

Post strep pathophysiology

Answer 11

strep antigen deposited in glomerulus = immune complex formation and inflammation

Question 12

post strep treatment

Answer 12

supportive

Question 13

immunofluorescence in goodpastiures will show what

Answer 13

IgG

Question 14

4 examples of nephritic

Answer 14

IgA
post strep
vasculitis (wegners)
anti-GBM aka goodpastures

Question 15

In what group of conditions do you see crescenting

Answer 15

nephritic - usually rapidly progressing GN

Question 16

what are those with nephrotic syndrome more prone to infection

Answer 16

urinate out antibodies (IgG)

Question 17

minimal change treatment

Answer 17

steroids - if relapse give cyclophosphamide (chemo)

Question 18

nephrotic syndrome kids get

Answer 18

minimal change

Question 19

diagnosis: immunofluorescence IgM

Answer 19

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 20

furosemide is what type of diuretic

Answer 20

loop

Question 21

Loop diuretics work how

Answer 21

block NA/K+ pump in ascending loop = no water reuptake = Na, Ca and K+ loss

Question 22

when do you use a loop diuretic (furosemide)

Answer 22

pulmonary and peripheral oedema

hypercalcaemia

Question 23

side effect of loop (furosemide)

Answer 23

hypokalaemia

Question 24

which diuretic can be used to treat severe hypercalcaemia

Answer 24

loop ie: furosemide (get calcium and K+ loss)

Question 25

which type of diuretic cause hypokalemia

Answer 25

thiazide

Question 26

which type of diuretics cause uric aside retention

Answer 26

thiazide

Question 27

how does mantel work

Answer 27

feely filtered but poorly reabsorbed and holds water in tubules via osmotic affect. draws fluid out of tissue into blood.

Question 28

when do you use manetol

Answer 28

in increased intra-ocular and intra caranial pressure

Question 29

diuretic used in glaucoma

Answer 29

acetazolamide

Question 30

acetazolamide is what and used when

Answer 30

diuretic like, causes bicarb and sodium excretion, use din glaucoma to reduce aqueous humour production

Question 31

diuretic that acts on primal tubule

Answer 31

mannitol and actylzolamide

Question 32

diuretic that acts on ascending limb

Answer 32

furosemide

Question 33

diuretic that acts on first part of distal convoluted tubule

Answer 33

thiazide

Question 34

diuretic that acts on end part of dial convoluted tubule

Answer 34

spiranalactone

Question 35

how do you treat hypercalcaemia

Answer 35

treat underlying cause, fluids, IV bisphosphonates

Question 36

streptomycin and gentamicin ar what group of drugs

Answer 36

aminoglycasides - nephrotoxic

Question 37

red/brown urine + high creatinine kinase + high K+

Answer 37

rhabdomyolysis

Question 38

rhabdoyolisis treatment

Answer 38

treat high K+, fluids sodium bicarb to detoxify myoglobin

Question 39

what renal condition can E.coli 0157 cause

Answer 39

haemolytic uraemia syndrome caused by intravascular haemolysis

Question 40

time frame for post strep

Answer 40

usually 3 weeks post infection

Question 41

what is indapamide

Answer 41

thiazide like diuretic

Question 42

hypertension, bradycardia,

Answer 42

cushings reflex = raised intracranial pressure

Question 43

what is polycthemia and why may polycyclic patients get it

Answer 43

excess red blood cell production, excess EPO production. treatment: venesection

Question 44

Diagnosis: kidney disease, hearing loss, eye problems

Answer 44

alport syndrome

Question 45

what is alport syndrome

Answer 45

genetic defect in IV collagen

Question 46

most common type of renal stone

Answer 46

calcium oxalate (primary hyercalcaemia is a risk factor)

Question 47

type of ANCA for wegners diagnosis

Answer 47

c-ANCA

Question 48

most common form of polycyclic kindly disease inheritance

Answer 48

autosomal dominant