2. Religion and Race

Question 1

Bible Belt

Answer 1

Southern USA with fundementalists

Question 2

Religious Fundementalists

Answer 2

• everything in Bible is true + must be taken literally
• scientific theories not accepted
• in 1920s

Question 3

Butler Act

Answer 3

• 1924 Tennesse
• scientific theories banned in schools if opposing bible Divine Creation

Question 4

Scopes Trial/Monket Trial: why?

Answer 4

• Biology teacher John Scopes challenges Butler Act by deliberately teaching Evolution theory
• did this to intentionally get arrested and have a trial

Question 5

Trial- what?

Answer 5

• 1925
• Scopes Defender= Clarence Darrow + Americal Civil Liberties Union support
• Prosecutor= Jennings Bryan- fundementalist

Question 6

Trial Result:

Answer 6

• Scopes fined $100 and loses
• fundementalists image destroyed- ignorant + media mocking them + seen as restriting freedom of thought

Question 7

Native Americans Treatment

Answer 7

They’re being Americanised + kept away from culture

Question 8

Indian Citizenship Act

Answer 8

• 1924
• Native Americans given American citizenship

Question 9

Eugenics Project (Americanisation + assimilaion attempt)

Answer 9

manages Native Americans lives + other ‘undesirables’:
- reject own culture
- special boarding schools taking children away from culture + family
- Christianity conversion attempts (no tribe identity)

Question 10

Meriam Report

Answer 10

• 1928
• Exposed boarding schools as too harsh
• showed assimilation attempt failed
• recommended to drop Western cultural education
• Native Americans should get skills for their own society + American society

Question 11

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 11

segregation of black and white Americans in many states:
- segregation in all public areas
- denial of access to good jobs for Black Americans
- 1915-1922= 450 black Americans lynched

Question 12

KKK- Ku Klux Klan

Answer 12

• white + protestant supremacy (other groups attakced too e.g Jews foreigners)

Question 13

KKK Origins

Answer 13

• South USA by ex-Confederate soldiers in 1860s after American Civil War
• They’re war veterans afraid of freed slaves

Question 14

members + support + identity

Answer 14

• WASPs
• white robes + white hoods
• leader= Hiram Wesley Evans (Imperial Wizard)
• officers knows as Kluds, Klaliffs, Klabees
• American flags + burning crosses at night meetings

Question 15

size + reasons to join

Answer 15

• 1920= 100000
• by 1925= 5 million+
• more immigration= more anti-foreigners
• after 1910= industrialisation means more workers so they expanded

Question 16

methods

Answer 16

• beating up enemies
• lynching
• mutilating
• srip victims then put tar and feathers on body

Question 17

decline

Answer 17

• illegal activities
• Great Wizard Stephenson convicted of rape and mutilation of a woman
  —> reputation ruined as pardon refused

Question 18

reasons why they previously weren’t stopped for methods they did

Answer 18

• racism in South
• Politicians don’t want to lose votes for congress election for speaking out (fear)
• police force/authorities dominated by KKK
• overall fear and intimidation

Question 19

NAACP

Answer 19

• National Association of the Advancement of Coloured People
• 1909= by W.E.B De Bois
• by 1919= 90000 members in 300 branches

Question 20

Aims

Answer 20

• no cruelty against Black People
• everyone has equal opportunities
• no discrimintion

Question 21

Actions + result

Answer 21

• marches, demomnstartions, petitions
• making black pople aware of their rights
• Success; rights made aware + less lynching from publicity
• Failure: lynching not officially banned

Question 22

UNIA

Answer 22

• Universal Negro Improvement Association
• 1914= by Marcus Garvey
• 1920=2000 members
• peak= 250000 members

Question 23

aims

Answer 23

• balck people success + their own identity without assimilating

Question 24

actions and result

Answer 24

• militant tactics
• ‘back to Africa’ slogan + encouraging setting up own businesses with black employees
• Success: Black Power movement uses Garvey’s ideas
• Failure: 1925=sent to prison for ‘postal fraud + deported to Jamaica
  —>UNIA falls apart

Question 25

Great Black Migration

Answer 25

• to Chicago and New York with Detroit and LA too
• 1million people
• lots of black empolyment in north- 10000 black employees

Question 26

Great Black Migration results

Answer 26

Sucsess:
- Life Expectancy increase. 1900= 45 1930=48
- Jazz popularity + black theatres
Failure:
- low wage jobs
- slums
- poor eductation + helath access
- race riots/xenophobia