2: science

Question 1

These sex cells contain structures called

Answer 1

chromosomes

Question 2

Each sex cell is a

Answer 2

haploid
which means it has 23 chromosomes

Question 3

while each somatic cell is a

Answer 3

diploid
means it has 46 chromosomes

Question 4

After the Union of the Egg cell and the sperm cell , the resulting fertilized egg, known as the __________ has 46 chromosomes

Answer 4

Zygote

Question 5

In males, the primary reproductive organs are the

Answer 5

testes (singular: testii)

Question 6

The testes are oval-shaped organs found inside a protective sac of skin called the

Answer 6

scrotum

Question 7

inside the testes are clusters of hundreds of compartments with many tiny, coiled tubes called

Answer 7

seminiferous tubules

Question 8

To regulate the function of the testes, two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland found in the brain

Answer 8

Luteinizing hormone (LH) & Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 9

triggers the development of secondary female characteristics such as the widening of the hips and the enlargement of the breasts

Answer 9

Estrogen

Question 10

first discharge of blood from the vagina called

Answer 10

menarche

Question 11

All females are born with all the approximately_____ they will produce in their lifetime

Answer 11

two million egg cells

Question 12

Mature Egg Cell

Answer 12

ova (singular: ovum)

Question 13

All females who have reached puberty will undergo monthly physiological cycles known as the

Answer 13

ovarian and menstrual cycle

Question 14

ovaries prepare the female body each month to make pregnancy possible. This series of events is collectively called the

Answer 14

ovarian cycle

Question 15

The monthly release of an ovum from the ovary is called

Answer 15

Ovulation

Question 16

The ovarian cycle occurs in two distinct phases or stages:

Answer 16

the follicular phase and the luteal phase

Question 17

is a cluster of cells that surrounds an immature egg cell and provides it with nutrients and protection

Answer 17

follicle

Question 18

is a yellowish mass of follicular cells that functions like an endocrine gland.

Answer 18

corpus luteum

Question 19

is a sex hormone that signals the body to prepare for fertilization.

Answer 19

Progesterone

Question 20

Aside from the series of events that occur in the ovaries, a different monthly cycle, called

Answer 20

menstrual cycle
28 days

Question 21

is caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium,

Answer 21

Gonorrhea
Antibiotics
Use condoms

Question 22

is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

Answer 22

Syphilis
Antibiotics
Use condoms

Question 23

is caused by a virus known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system.

Answer 23

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
No cure
Don’t have sexual intercourse with different people

Question 24

is an infection caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2)

Answer 24

Genital herpes
Incurable
Don’t have sexual intercourse with some who have this

Question 25

The endocrine system is made up of _____ that make hormones

Answer 25

glands

Question 26

A small part of the brain that contains a number of nuclei with a variety of functions. Link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. The ______ is located below the thalamus and is part of the limbic system

Answer 26

hypothalamus

Question 27

produces melatonin, a serotonin-derived hormone which modulates sleep patterns in both circadian and seasonal cycles.
The shape of the gland resembles a pine cone, which gives it its name.

Answer 27

pineal gland

Question 28

The major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, it is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.

Answer 28

Pituitary Gland

Question 29

Main function is to make the ____________. This chemical regulates the amounts of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the bones and blood.
The minerals calcium and phosphorus are crucial for healthy bones.

Answer 29

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 30

Butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck. It controls body’s important functions by producing certain hormones. To control the speed of your metabolism which is the process of how your body transforms the food you consume into energy. All of the cells in your body need energy to function.

Answer 30

Thyroid Glands

Question 31

Responsible for the production and maturation of immune cells; including small lymphocytes that protect the body against foreign antigens. The ________ is the source of cells that will live in the lymphoid tissues and supports their maturation and proper function.

Answer 31

thymus

Question 32

Responsible for secreting at least four important hormones or hormone precursors: insulin-like growth factor (somatomedin), angiotensinogen, thrombopoetin, and hepcidin. Insulin-like growth factor-1 is the immediate stimulus for growth in the body, especially of the bones.

Answer 32

Liver

Question 33

A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. There are two ________, one on top of each kidney.

Answer 33

Adrenal Glands

Question 34

Make two main hormones, vitamin D and erythropoietin. Vitamin D is essential for a number of different functions in the body. Most of the vitamin D that is in the blood is inactive and it is modified by the ____ and other tissues to activate it

Answer 34

kidney

Question 35

Helps your digestive system by making hormones. These are chemical messengers that travel through your blood. Pancreatic hormones help regulate your blood sugar levels and appetite, stimulate stomach acids, and tell your stomach when to empty.

Answer 35

Pancreas

Question 36

The two important hormones secreted by the ovaries are estrogen and progesterone.
- Estrogen helps regulate sexual functions and influence secondary sexual characteristics.
- Progesterone prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy.

Answer 36

Ovary

Question 37

Produces several metabolic proteins (leptin, adiponectin), peptide hormones (hCG, hPL, PGH) and steroid hormones (progesterone, estrogens) which have significant influence on maternal glucose metabolism and its adaptation throughout pregnancy (modified from [12]).

Answer 37

Placenta

Question 38

The main hormone secreted by the testes is testosterone, an androgenic hormone. Testosterone is secreted by cells that lie between the seminiferous tubules, known as the Leydig cells.

Answer 38

Testis

Question 39

enables the body to gather information from the outside environment and it responds quickly. To respond in adverse situations that require you to act immediately, your alert senses report all the necessary information about the event to your brain.

Answer 39

nervous system

Question 40

Although _______ come in all shapes and sizes, they share certain characteristics or features. Like other cells in the body, a neuron also has a nucleus, a cytoplasm (axaplane in neuron), and organelles.

Answer 40

neurons

Question 41

The largest part of the neuron is the

Answer 41

cell body

Question 42

Unlike other cells, the neuron’s cytoplasm extends into two types of fiber like structures. Running into this switchboard are one or more tiny, branching, threadlike structures called ____________, which receive and carry information toward the cell body.

Answer 42

dendrites

Question 43

A long, taillike fiber that extends from the cell body called the ____ and messages away from the cell body the myelin sheath covers the ______, which speeds up the travel of the nerve impulses.

Answer 43

axon
Each neuron has only one axon, but it can have many dendrites

Question 44

are also called afferent neurons because their function is to receive initial stimuli from receptors. In the previous example, the receptors are in the skin of your fingers. When you press your finger harder on the desk, the receptors in your skin send signals to the

Answer 44

Sensory neurons

Question 45

Also called connector neurons of stones. This is because they “read” and interpret the impulses sent by sensory neurons. Interneurons are found in the spinal cord and in the brain.

Answer 45

Interneurons

Question 46

also called efferent neurons, transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the effecter all or organ, such as the muscles, organs, and glands. When ______ receive a signal from the interneuron, they stimulate as an effector to generate the reaction for the stimulus

Answer 46

Motor Neurons