2- Science and some basics of behavior analysis as a

Question 1

The basic strategy of science

Answer 1

Experimentation

Question 2

Two varieties of science

Answer 2

Natural sciences

Social sciences

Question 3

Physics

Chemistry

Biology

Behavior analysis

Answer 3

Natural sciences

Question 4

Psychology

Sociology

Political science

Answer 4

Social sciences

Question 5

• All behavior is determined by:

The genetic makeup of an organism
It’s history, experience
It’s current situation

• Behavior it varies due to interactions between organisms learning history such as history of reinforcement, and the current context
• Metaphysical implications and/or explanations are not necessary

Answer 5

Lawfulness of behavior/philosophical assumption of behavior analysis

Question 6

Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the phenomenon of interest, behavior

Various dimensions of behavior can be measured overtime

Behavior can be studied scientifically

INDUCTION Is use it to drive scientific facts (Collect data, come to conclusions)

Answer 6

Empiricism

Question 7

1. Experimentation

2. Replication

Answer 7

Two elements of Empiricism- Philosophical assumption

Question 8

Assesses the truth of series or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application

Answer 8

Pragmatism- Philosophical assumption

Question 9

Evaluate science in terms of its products that benefit humanity

Our goal is to protect and control behavior

Behavior analysis has produced a powerful technology for behavior change that has made a difference in thousands of people’s lives

Answer 9

Pragmatic truth criterion

Question 10

The philosophy Or world view underlying behavior analysis

Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science

Non-behavior is typically see behavior as a representation of mental phenomena e.g. intelligence

Answer 10

Behaviorism

Question 11

John B Watson

Answer 11

Father of behaviorism

Question 12

Watsons classical S – R behaviorism came first

Methodological

Mediational S – O - R Behaviorism

Interbehaviorism

Skinners radical behaviorism

All of these stress the primary importance of focusing on behavior and the relation between behavior and environmental events

Answer 12

Varieties of behaviorism

Question 13

Is a science of human behavior really possible? Can account for every aspect of human behavior? What are its methods? Or its laws as valid as those of biology? Will it lead to a technology? What role will apply in human affairs?

Answer 13

Questions posited by behaviorism, Skinner 1974

Question 14

Skinners philosophy of the science of human behavior

Most influential type of behaviorism for guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis

Rejects mentalism the most common approach to the study of human behavior

Answer 14

Radical behaviorism –

Question 15

The determinants of behavior are found in the natural world

Human behavior can be the subject of a natural science without recourse to mentalistic exclamations

Human behavior is governed by the same laws as that of inftahuman animals

Answer 15

Science and human behavior

Question 16

Conceptualizes behavioral relations at the phylogenic, autogenic, and cultural levels with selectionism as their underlying principle

The goal of behavioral science is prediction and control of behavior

The ultimate goal of behavior analysis is to save the human species in the world

Makes our science complete by extending the analysis to verbal behavior, private events, the behavior of the scientist and all other forms of behavior.

Answer 16

Radical behaviorism

Radical means thoroughgoing

Question 17

Current and past environmental events are also known as..

Answer 17

Ontogenic factors

Question 18

The process in which repeated cycles occur of variation, interaction with the environment, differential replication as a function of the interaction

Answer 18

Selection

Question 19

Synonymous with causes of behavior

It is a better term as our science is probabilistic

Behavior is determined by: inherited biological factors; the organisms experiential history with his or her environment, and the organisms current environment

Answer 19

Determinant of behavior

Question 20

Inherited biological factors are passed on through our genes so they are also referred to as genetic factors

These genetic determinants are also referred to as phylogenic factors

Current and past environmental events i.e. Experiential history, or also known as ontogenic factors

Answer 20

More determinants of behavior

Question 21

The nearness of events in time. A very important factor in Learning.

The amount of time between two stimuli and pairing
• S1—S2

The amount of time between a response and a consequence
• R – S

Not the time between an antecedent stimulus and a response

Not the time between two responses

Answer 21

Temporal Contiguity

Question 22

Contingency emphasizes the likelihood that one event is a result of another event

Contiguity implies the adjacency between events regardless of causality

Answer 22

Contrast between contingency and Contiguity

Question 23

If X and only if X then Y

Can be stated as an if then statement

Answer 23

Stating contingencies

Question 24

Contingencies involving consequences are commonly called

Answer 24

Contingencies of reinforcement

Question 25

1. The first step is to Identify the organism who is the focus of analysis or intervention. We refer to the organism as the behaver so we ask who is the behaver Sometimes we refer to the BEHAVER as the learner 2. The second step: to identify and define the target behavior that is focus of analysis or intervention. Thus, the second question we ask is what is the behavior 3. Third step: identify or specify the environmental event that is the focus of analysis. Thus, the third question we ask is what is the environmental event. 4. We ask is the event an antecedent or a consequence

Answer 25

Steps in behavior analysis