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ExAC Exam 1 > 2 Site & Environmental Analysis > Flashcards

2 Site & Environmental Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

List the physical factors related to site planning. (chop)(6)

A

PHYSICAL

  1. Climate
  2. Topography
  3. Geo / Soils
  4. Utilities
  5. Immediate Surroundings
  6. General Services
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2
Q

List the cultural factors related to site planning. (chop)(3)

A

CULTURAL

  1. Site History
  2. Land Use, ownership / control
  3. Economic Value
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3
Q

List the regulatory factors related to site planning. (chop)(4)

A

REGULATORY FACTORS:

  1. Zoning Codes
  2. Subdivision, Site Plan, local requirements
  3. Environmental Regulations
  4. Other Codes, bylaws, requirements
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4
Q

List impacts of wind on a building/site (5)

A

WIND (CHING 1.22)

  1. Positive pressure on windward side & negative pressure (suction) on Leeward side.
  2. Outlets as large or larger than inlets for MAX AIRFLOW • Roof overhangs increase air intake
  3. Window overhangs direct air up
  4. Windbreaks on windward side key in cold climates
  5. Wind shadow on windward and leeward side of any break or building
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5
Q

How would you calculate a windward & leeward wind shadow created by a wind break? What 2 eddys are created on either side?

A

Windward = 2-5*H & creates a pressure eddy

Leeward = 10-15*H & creates a suction eddy

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6
Q

Describe the Azimuth / Altitude / Solstice / Equinox.

A

Azimuth - angle of deviation from true south along the horizon

Altitude - angular elevation of sun above horizon (rise of the sun into the sky )

Solstice - Shortest(W) or longest(S) path of sun from East to West

  • Winter = closest to South
  • Summer = closest to South

Equinox - Fall / spring = btwn winter / summer

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7
Q

What is the effect of large bodies on water on or near a site?

A
  1. heat reservoirs (Suck up heat during day and radiate heat at night)
  2. Provide evap cooling effect
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8
Q

For a COOL climate type (Region) describe the ideal form and orientation for a building:

A

COOL: Provide wind protection

Form: CUBE (less wall surface)

Orient: 12 deg E of S

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9
Q

For a TEMPERATE climate type (Region) describe the ideal form and orientation for a building:

A

TEMPERATE:

  • Minimize E/W Exposure as they are cooler in winter & hotter in summer

Form: RECTILINEAR

Orient: 17.5 deg E of S

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10
Q

For a HOT / ARID climate type (Region) describe the ideal form and orientation for a building:

A

HOT / ARID:

  • ​Use wind for evaporative cooling
  • Reduce solar heat gain
  • Provide solar shade for windows and open spaces

Form: RECTILINEAR w enclosed courtyard

Orient: 25 deg E of S

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11
Q

For a HOT / HUMID climate type (Region) describe the ideal form and orientation for a building:

A

HOT / HUMID:

  • Face South - Reduce Solar Heat Gain with punctured South Face
  • Maximize wind flow for evap cooling

Form: LONG RECTILINEAR to minimize E/W exposure

Orient: 5 deg E of S

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12
Q

What are the 2 different scales of temperature difference?

A

Macro - ex: summer is warmer bc of longer days

Micro - ex: South facing slopes warmer bc they protect from winds

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13
Q

How would you measure the amount heat absorbed by a surface on the site?

A

ALBEDO mesured from zero (full absorption) to 1.0 (full reflectance)

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14
Q

What is inc. in a legal property description? (3)

A

PROPERTY LIMITS described in terms of metes/bounds survey or rectangular grid survey system. example:

SE-12-20-33-W1

South East quarter of Section 12,

Township 20, Range 33, West of the first meridian

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15
Q

List the following grade slopes and their implications on building construction:

  1. Max. slope before erosion occurs
  2. Max slope before activities are difficult
  3. Range where activities are not too difficult
  4. Ideal range for activities
  5. min slope for drainage
A
  1. 25% (hard to build on)
  2. >10% (expensive to build on)
  3. 5-10%
  4. <5% (easy to build on)
  5. 1-2%
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16
Q

Describe each of the following:

  1. Local Streets
  2. Collector Streets
  3. Arterial Streets
  4. Expressways
A
  1. Local Streets
    • lowest capacity & direct access to building sites
  2. Collector Streets
    • connect local streets & arterial & expressways
  3. Arterial Streets
    • major continuous circulation routes (2-3 lanes)
    • no parking
  4. Expressways
    • connect arterial & move large volumes
    • can impact site by noise & visual impact
17
Q

What should be considered when placing site access?

A

access on opposite side of street - should be aligned where possible - avoid offset intersections

18
Q

What is the typical radius for corners of 90deg intersections for site circulation? and for access to residential drives?

A

20’ (6095)

7’ (2135)

19
Q

What effect will grass and groundcovers have on the site? (3)

A
  1. increase permeability of soil for air/H20
  2. lower air Temp. (absorb solar rays & evaporate)
  3. stabilize soil
20
Q

What effect will vines have on the site? (3)

A
  1. reduce heat gain on walls
  2. provide shade
  3. provide evaporative cooling
21
Q

Describe impacts of universal accessibility as it applies to the CIRCULATION PATHS of asite design. dims(3) qualities(4)

A
  1. >1100mm wide
  2. <1:20 slope & <1:50 cross-slope
  3. 1500mm turn radius for wheelchairs
  4. minimal road crossings
  5. adequate space for for snow removal
  6. tire stops to prevent vehicles from intruding on paths
  7. distinguishing colours or texture
22
Q

Describe impacts of universal accessibility as it applies to the DIMENSIONS OF RAMPS within a site design. dims(3) qualities(4)

A
  1. >870 clear b/w rails
  2. 1:12 slope
  3. 1500x1500mm landings
  4. 1.2m long flats every 9m of ramp
23
Q

List the 7 key pieces of information found in a geotech report:

A
  1. Bearing capacity of soil
  2. Foundation design reccommendation
  3. Paving design reccommendations
  4. Compaction of soil
  5. Lateral strength (active/passive, coefficient of friction)
  6. Permeability
  7. Frost Depth
24
Q

List 5 major types of information provided in an ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT.

A
  1. Physical environment - existing structures, grades, surrounding uses
  2. Geology, Hydrology & morphology
  3. Flora/fauna & Biophysical wetlands, drainage, wells, sewage, flooding
  4. Historical Uses - maps/aerial photos etc
  5. Presence of contamination: Hazmat, PCB, ACMs, ASTs, USTs, Radon, Lead, Waste
25
Q

What is considered a high water table and how can it be mitigated?

A

High Water Table (6-8’ below grade) -

  • Dewater & Granular Fill required
26
Q

What is considered POOR SOIL on a geo report and how can this be mitigated?

A

Poor Soils: Peat, clay, silt, or fine water bearing sands.

  • Pile foundations
27
Q

What is considered the ideal slope for a building site and why.

A

Gentle Slope (under 5%) - good bearing & excellent drainage

28
Q

List 4 types of retaining walls and the maximum height (for 2 of them).

A
  1. Gravity wall max 10’ (3048)
    • ​​resists overturning by sheer weight
  2. T-type Cantilevered Wall
    • ​​reinforced concrete - weight of soil on upside down ‘T’ prevents overturning
  3. Counterfort Wall
    • uses triangular cross walls to stiffen vertical slab
    • cross walls spaced at intervals equal to 1/2 H of wall
  4. L-type Cantilevered Wall
    • ​​used when the retaining wall abuts another property or obstruction
29
Q

Order from largest to smallest and describe each of the following 10 elements from a survey grid:

  • Principal Meridians
  • Range
  • Guide Meridians
  • Section
  • Range Lines
  • Standard lines
  • Halves & Quarters
  • Baseline
  • Township
  • Correction line
A
  1. Principal Meridians - N/S ref. lines @ substantial landmarks
  2. East West Baseline - principal meridian’s counterpart
  3. Guide Meridians - N/S ref. lines between correction lines @ 24 mile intervals (39km) to E/W of princ. meridians - adj. misaligned
  4. Correction Line - E/W ref. lines @ 24 mile intervals (39km) to N/S of baseline - adjust misaligned meridians
  5. Range Lines - N/S lines @ 6 mile interv. btwn guide meridians
  6. Standard Lines - EW lines @ 6 mile interv. btwn correction lines
  7. Range - on of a series of divisions defined by range line & standard lines
  8. Township - range is divided into townships
  9. Section - township is divided into 36 sections each approx 1 sq mile (2.6km2)
  10. Halves / Quarters
  • sections divided into halves
  • each halve divided into 2 quarters
  • quarters divided into 4 quarter quarters

ExAC Exam 1 (8 decks)

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