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RGS 3rd Form Chemistry CH-F > 2 States of matter and diffusion > Flashcards

2 States of matter and diffusion Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the attractive forces in a gas

A

very low or negligible

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2
Q

What would you observe while a substance such as potassium permanganate (crystal) diffuses through water in a beaker

A

The darker more intense purple colour is found near the crystal at first. After some time the colour is more pale and uniform throughout the water.

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3
Q

Describe the attractive forces in a liquid

A

medium

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4
Q

Describe the relative energy of particles in a liquid

A

moderate

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5
Q

What state is water at 120°C?

A

gas

boiling point of water is 100°C

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6
Q

What is the name of the process shown in the image below?

What would you observe at the end of this process?

A

Diffusion

Colour is now uniform throughout and more pale

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7
Q

Sarah sprayed some perfume in the corner of the room and Tony could smell it on the other side of the room about 3 minutes later.

What is the name of this process?

A

Diffusion

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8
Q

Name the change of state- gas to liquid

A

condensation

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9
Q

Describe the particle movement in a liquid

A

slipping past each other

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10
Q

What is the valency of a hydrogen ion?

A

H 1+

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11
Q

Explain why this happens?

A

Both the ammonia and hydrogen chloride particles diffuse across the tube

The ammonia particles are less massive and diffuse faster

The hydrogen chloride particles are more massive and diffuse more slowly

They meet closer to the hydrogen chloride side and form ammonium chloride- a white cloud forms.

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12
Q

Name the change of state- liquid to gas

A

evaporation

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13
Q

During diffusion of a substance through air, many tiny invisible air particles collide with the larger particles in the substance. These larger particles move through the air in a random motion from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

How would diffusion of a gas differ in a vacuum?

A

Diffusion through air is a slow process. Gaseous particles move very rapidly but the collision with air particles slow their movement.

In a vacuum gases diffuse very quickly (no air particles in the way!)

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14
Q

What state is water at -60 degrees Celsius

A

solid

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15
Q

Describe the particle arrangement of a liquid

A

irregular arrangement, close together

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16
Q

Describe the relative energy of particles in a solid

A

low

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17
Q

Name the change of state- solid to gas

A

sublimation

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18
Q

Describe the particle movement in a solid

A

vibrating in fixed positions

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19
Q

Describe the shape and volume of a solid

A

both definite shape and volume

20
Q

What are the two possible iron ions?

A

Fe 2+ and Fe 3+

21
Q

Name the change of state- gas to solid

A

deposition

22
Q

A typical diffusion practical is set up in a long tube. A hydrogen chloride soaked cotton wool is placed in one end and an ammonia soaked cotton wool is placed in the other end. What would you observe is the experiment was carried out at a higher temperature?

A

The white cloud would form in the same position as before but would form more rapidly.

At higher temperature the particles have more energy and travel at higher speeds. This means that the collisions between the air particles and the larger particles occur more frequently and they collide with more force. This makes them move more rapidly through the air or diffuse more quickly.

23
Q

Propan-1-ol has a melting point of -126°C and a boiling point of 98°C.

What state is propan-1-ol at 99°C?

A

gaseous

it is beyond the boiling point.

24
Q

Name the change of state- solid to liquid

A

melting

25
Q

Describe the relative energy of particles is a gas

A

high

26
Q

Describe the shape and volume of a liquid

A

indefinite shape, definite volume

27
Q

2 cm3 of a solution of potassium permanganate (intense purple) was added to a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder and was topped up to the 50 cm3 mark with water.

What is the name of this process and what would we observe?

A

This is called dilution

Before the solution of potassium permanganate is a very dark purple colour. After time the diluted solution is more pale purple and uniform in colour.

28
Q

Describe the shape and volume of a gas

A

both indefinite shape and volume

29
Q

Which state of matter is shown below?

A

Liquid

Particles are in irregular arrangement but still close together.

30
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Net movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration due to collisions by many smaller fast moving invisible particles.

31
Q

Describe the attractive forces in a solid

A

strong

32
Q

A larger particle will move continuously and randomly through a fluid such as air or water because of collisions with smaller (fast moving) air or water particles. What is this movement called?

A

Brownian motion

33
Q

What is the kinetic theory of particles?

A

All matter is made of tiny, invisible. moving particles which are in constant movement and collide with particles.

34
Q

Which state of matter is shown below?

A

Solid

particles are in regular arrangement

35
Q

The boiling point of alcohol is 78 degrees Celsius. What state is alcohol at 79 degrees Celsius

A

gas

36
Q

What state is water at 3 degrees Celsius

A

liquid

37
Q

Which state matter is shown below?

A

gaseous

38
Q

What are the two possible copper ions?

A

Cu 1+ and Cu 2+

39
Q

Name the change of state- liquid to solid

A

solidification or freezing

40
Q

Describe the particle movement in a gas

A

moving freely, randomly and fast

41
Q

A typical diffusion practical is set up in a long tube. A hydrogen chloride soaked cotton wool is placed in one end and an ammonia soaked cotton wool is placed in the other end. What would you observe?

A

- White cloud would form further from the ammonia end.

  • Ammonia is a less massive particle and so would diffuse faster through the air.
  • Hydrogen chloride is more massive and will diffuse more slowly.
  • When they meet (nearer the hydrogen chloride end) they form solid ammonium chloride which is a white solid (white cloud).
42
Q

Describe the particle arrangement of a solid

A

regular arrangement , close together

43
Q

Phenol has a melting point of 43°C and a boiling point of 181°C

What state is it in at 10°C?

A

solid

it is below its melting point

44
Q

What would this look like after about 30 minutes?

A

Uniform colour throughout and more pale

45
Q

Describe the particle arrangement of a gas

A

far apart

RGS 3rd Form Chemistry CH-F (7 decks)

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