Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anth 201 > 2: Survey of the Living Primates > Flashcards

2: Survey of the Living Primates Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 levels of taxonomy?

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of classification?

A

evolutionary classification (anthro-human, primates) and cladistic classification.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What the the primitive traits of Strepsirrhini?

A

are nocturnal so they have big eyes, olfaction is important, have post-orbital bar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the geographic distribution of Strepsirrhini?

A

Africa, Madagascar, India, Southeast Asia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the distribution of Lemuriformes?

A

Only in Madagascar and Comoro Islands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Lemuriformes’ history?

A

Madagascar separated from Africa>150 Mya
Lemur ancestors thought to have gotten to Madagascar by “rafting” 50-60 Mya (450 km of ocean!)
Lemur ancestor eventually died off in Africa due to competition.
Large lemurs started going extinct 2000 years ago after humans arrived.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two examples of lemuriformes?

A

Ring-tailed lemur: diurnal, so don’t have a tapetum lucidum/
Aye-aye: nocturnal, have two derived feature:
- Tooth comb reduced to two incisors (rodent-like)
- Thin probe-like middle finger
- Enlarged ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two families of lorisiformes?

A

Lorisidae and Galagidae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some characteristics of lorisiformes?

A

All are nocturnal, scent marking, eat insects, small in size.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What the locomotions of lorisidae and galagidae?

A

Activity pattern G: very active. L: often immobile.

Movement: G: vertical clinging and leaping L: slow walking and climbing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two examples of lorisiformes?

A

Dwarf galago: Strong hind-limbs and long tail for balance.

Slow loris: Derived hands: short second digits, special musculature and blood supply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some haplorhini characteristics?

A 
Almost all are diurnal: so no tapetum lucidum, post-orbital closure.
Reduced reliance on smell & hearing
- Flatter faces, shorter snouts
- Dry noses
Larger, more complex brains
- Longer juvenile dependency
- Increased parental care/investment
- Increased social complexity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are tarsiers have characteristics in between haplorini and strepsirrhini?

A 
Haplorrhinifeatures
- Dry nose
- Postorbital closure
- No tooth comb
- No tapetum lucidum
Strepsirrhinifeatures
- Grooming claw (but on 3rd digit rather than 2nd)
- General primitive body shape
- Nocturnal (but no tapetum lucidum)
- Vertical clinging and leaping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are Tarsiers found?

A

Southeast Asia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Tarisiers’ history?

A

Appear to have changed very little in 45 million years (based on fossil tarsiers).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some New World Monkey characteristics?

A
  • All arboreal
  • All diurnal except for 1 genus
  • On average, smaller body sizes than Old World Monkeys
  • All have tails (some have prehensile tails)
  • Relatively little sexual dimorphism
  • Arrived from Africa (where they split from catarrhines) about 35 Mya, probably by rafting on floating mats of vegetation
17
Q

Old World Monkey (Cercopithecoidaea) Distribution?

A

Middle-south Africe and south of Asia.

18
Q

Old World Monkeys: Characteristics?

A
  • Found in wide variety of environments
  • All diurnal
  • Single births
  • Some species are terrestrial
  • Larger body size (>NWM), often sexually dimorphic
19
Q

What are the two subfamilies of OWM?

A 
Cercopithecinae:
 • Broad incisors, narrow interorbital
• Low cusps
• Cheek pouches
• Simple stomach
• Shorter limbs
Colobinae:
- Narrow incisors, broad interorbital
• High cusps
• No cheek pouches
• Complex stomach
• Long limbs
20
Q

What are some characteristics of Cercopithecinae?

A

More terrestrial species than in any other primate group. Most are sexually dimorphic.
Ex: Vervet monkey

21
Q

What are characteristics of Colobinae?

A

Arboreal,
Specialized folivores:
- Complex sacculated stomach supports bacteria for the digestion of cellulose in leaves
- High shearing crests on teeth

22
Q

What are characteristics of Hominoidea?

A
  • No tails
  • Larger size and weight compared to monkeys
  • Larger brain-to-body weight ratio
  • More upright posture
  • Y-5 molars (vs. bilophodont molars in OWM)
  • Longer gestation and maturation
23
Q

Family Hylobatidae: “Lesser Apes” examples?

A
  • Gibbons and siamangs (4 living genera)
  • Distribution: Southeast Asia
  • Pair-living (“monogamous”)
  • Co-dominant
  • Sexually monomorphic (in size, not necessarily in color)
  • Highly territorial (defend using vocal duetting)
  • Move around using suspensory locomotion (brachiation)
24
Q

Family Hominidae: “Great Apes” examples?

A
  • Largebodies
  • Sexuallydimorphic
  • Advancedcognitive abilities (e.g., all show tool use)
  • Diverse diets and social systems

Anth 201 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions