2. TERM Flashcards
1
Q
⭐ Physiological Jaundice (5x)
A
- Jaundice of Newborn
- Yellowish staining of Skin and Sclera of eyes by Bilirubin
- Newborn’s immature liver cant remove Bilirubin quickly enough causing Excess
of Bilirubin - Jaundice due to these condition is called Physiological Jaundice
o Onset – 2-3 days of Life
o Peak – 4-5 days
o Ends – 7 days of Life
2
Q
Community-acquired pneumonia
A
- Pneumonia or Lung Infection that develops in people outside the Hospital
- Most common causative agent – Streptococcus pneumonia
- Most common cause of CAP @ children >7yrs – Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Other causative agents include
o H. influenzae
o Atypicals
o S. aureus
o Kleb. pneumoniae
3
Q
Preterm Infant
A
- Gestational Age less than 37 weeks
4
Q
Pharyngoconjunctival Disease/Fever (4x)
A
- Caused by Adenovirus type 3 + 7
- Condition characterized by
o Fever
o Pharyngitis
o Rhinitis
o Cervical adenitis
o Conjunctivitis - Presents after 3-5 days of Incubation Period
- Occurs in Small Epidemics in Summer Camps (transmitted during swimming)
5
Q
Physiological Anemia (4x)
A
- Most common cause of Anemia @ Neonatal Period
- Time @ 2-3 months of Age (Self-Limited Anemia)
- Reason
o Breath occurs after Birth ↑ → PaO2 ↑ → EPO ↓ → Haematopoiesis ↓
o Shorten life span of RBC (HbF) in Fetus + RBC Destroy ↑ → Physiologic Haemolysis
o Acclrtd. growth 2-3 months after birth → Volume Circulation ↑ → Relatively RBC↓ H↓ - Lowest Value
o RBC = 3.0 x 1012/L, Hb 90g/L - Judging whether Reticulocytes in Child is Higher than Normal, consider their
Age
6
Q
Aschoff Body
A
- Microscopic structures seen in patients with Rheumatic Fever
- Nodules found in Hearts of individuals with Rheumatic Fever
7
Q
Proteinuria
A
- Presence of Abnormal Quantities of Protein in Urine which may indicate
Damage to Kidney - Can be caused by Inflammation of Kidney Tubules
- Can be secondary to Glomerular or Tubular Dysfunction
8
Q
Down Syndrome (4x)
A
- Genetic chromosome 21 disorder causing Developmental and Intellectual delays
- Congenital Condition characterized by a distinctive pattern of physical
characteristics
o Flattened skull
o Pronounced folds of skin in the inner corner of eyes
o Large tongue
o Short stature
o Limitation of intellectual ability, social, practical skills
9
Q
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline Membrane Disease)
A
- Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) is a Breathing Disorder in Newborn caused by
Immature Lungs - Deficiency of Pulmonary Surfactant (PS)
- Pulmonary Alveoli collapse at the end of Expiration
- Progressively Aggravated Respiratory Distress shortly after birth
- Mainly in Preterm Infant
10
Q
⭐ Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (5x)
A
- Congenital Heart Condition involving 4 abnormalities occurring together
o Overriding Aorta
o Pulmonary Stenosis
o Ventricular Septal Defect
o Right Ventricular Hypertrophy - Most common Cyanosis in CHD
- Complications include
o Central Thrombosis
o Brain Abscess
o Bacterial Endocarditis
11
Q
Herpangina
A
- Viral Illness that is caused by Group A coxsackie viruses
- Characterized by
o High fever
o Vomiting
o Dysphagia
o Loss of appetite - Tiny vesicles or Erosion on
o Tonsillar pillar
o Tonsil
o Uvula
o Pharynx
o Soft palate - Erosions are typically yellow-grey in colour, surrounding rim of Erythema
- Resolutions of symptoms occurs in 3-7 days
- Spreads via Faecal-oral route or Respiratory Droplets
12
Q
⭐ Small Gestational Age infant (SGA/SGA infant) (5x)
A
- Describing babies/fetuses who are Smaller than the or Less Developed than
Normal for their Gestational Age - Smaller than many other babies of the same Gestational Age
- Their Birth Weight below the 10th percentile
13
Q
⭐ Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) (4x)
A
- Kidney disorder that causes body to Excrete too much Protein @ Urine
- NS is often caused by Damage to Small Blood Vessel @ kidney that filter Waste
and Excess Water from Blood - Classification is
o Primary NS (90%)
o Secondary NS
o Congenital NS
14
Q
Kawasaki Disease
A
- Condition that causes Inflammations @ walls of some Blood Vessels
- Most common @ infants and young children
- Formerly known as Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (MLNS)
- Acute Febrile Illness
- Age of onset
o >5yrs – 20%
o <5yrs – 80% - Gender Difference – BOY:GIRL = 60:40
15
Q
Eisenmenger’s syndrome (3x)
A
- Condition that results from Abnormal Blood Circulation caused by Defect in
Structure Heart, specifically Ventricular Septal Defect or other Shunt - Ventricular Septal Defect is a hole in the heart in the region that connects the
Left Ventricle and Right Ventricle
