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Povijest 3.a > 2. test > Flashcards

2. test Flashcards

1
Q

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
What led to it?- underlying causes, sve do immediate cause

A

a)social –> Roman Catholic Church+clergy= FIRST ESTATE
rich nobles=SECOND ESTATE
merchants, artisans, workers, peasants=THIRD ESTATE

b)economic –>weak financial system-expensiveness, unequal tax; famine; wars(7 years war& The revolutionary war in america)

c)political –> loss of colonies(The Seven Years’ war), “lex rex”-King is the law

d)ideological –> enlightenment ideas, GB and USA influence

Second Estate forced King Louis XVI. to call a meeting of THE ESTATES-GENERAL in 1789.(representatives of all 3 estates)to get approval for tax reform, main problem HOW TO VOTE- by estates or deputies??

May 1789. - Third estate with some members of the first= National Assembly –> National Constituent Assembly(wanted to form a constitution)
citizens of Paris formed NATIONAL GUARD led by hero of american war of independence - Marquis de La Fayette

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2
Q

meeting of THE ESTATES-GENERAL

A

1789., King Louis XVI. ,forced by 2nd estate, to get approval for tax reform, main problem HOW TO VOTE- by estates or deputies??

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3
Q

National Assembly

A

May 1789. - Third estate with some members of the first= National Assembly –> National Constituent Assembly(wanted to form a constitution)

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4
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

hero of american war of independence , with citizens of Paris formed NATIONAL GUARD

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5
Q

IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF FRENCH REVOLUTION

A

July 14, 1789. , crowd of Parisians rushed to Bastille Fortress - SYMBOL OF ROYAL ABSOLUTISM
fall of Bastille became a symbolic act of revolution

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6
Q

new social order

A

Constituent Assembly established a new social order –> abolished serfdom, confiscated church property, equality of citizens

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7
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (izvor str. 55)

A

August, 1789. by National Constituent Assembly
-reflecting influence of Enlightment ideas - men are born and remain free and equal in rights, preservation of natural rights of man is the aim=liberty, property, security, resistance
-The expression LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY became slogan of the Revolution

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8
Q

slogan of the Revolution

A

The expression LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY, coming from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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9
Q

The Legislative Assembly

A

September 1791. National Assembly completed its CONSTITUTION and handed its power to the The Legislative Assembly

THE JACOBINS - Maximilien Robespierre, Paul Marat, Georges Danton - wanted to remove the king&monarchy&establish a republic - republican programme

THE GIRONDINES - Jacques Pierre Brissot, Madame Marie Jeanne Roland - liberals who advocated for aristocratic republic

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10
Q

THE JACOBINS

A

Maximilien Robespierre, Paul Marat, Georges Danton - wanted to remove the king&monarchy&establish a republic - republican programme

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11
Q

THE GIRONDINES

A

Jacques Pierre Brissot, Madame Marie Jeanne Roland - liberals who advocated for aristocratic republic

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12
Q

The National Convention

A

September 21st 1792. - France declared a REPUBLIC because in april people of Paris took custody of Louis XVI. and that ended the constitutional monarchy

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13
Q

The Battle of Valmy

A

20th September 1792. , 1st victory of a citizen army against the Coalition of Habsburg Monarchy&Prussia
-inspired by liberty and nationalism
-next day they abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the French Republic(21st September)

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14
Q

Second Constitution

A

1793., Louis XVI was beheaded on the guillotine, the Jacobins expelled the Girondines and took control=Second Constitution

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15
Q

Reign of Terror, beginning+reforms+end

A

BEGINNING of the reign of terror=
Roberspierre and his followers expelled Girondines, made a new Constitution in 1793.
The Committee of Public Safety was founded by Jacobins in 1793. , Robespierre became a dictator and decided who should be considered enemies of the republic

-mass executions
-new calendar(without Sunday)
-closed all churches in Paris
-Christianity abolished and replaced with CULT OF REASON

-ended in 1794 when Thermidorians (membersof the National Convention) executed Robespierre

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Thermidorians

A

members of National Convention who turned on Robespierre
-got him executed in 1794
-Reign of Terror ended

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18
Q

The Third Constitution

A

1795., replaced by the National Convention
-executive body–>The Directory(5)
-legislative bodies–>The Council of 500&The Council of Elders

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19
Q

CONSEQUENCES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

A

-the beginning of the civil society
-civil marriage&divorce
-separation of church&state
-Vive la Nation! - motto, long live the nation
-La Marseillaise(marseljeza)-national anthem of France
-Tricolore - the flag of France(liberte-blue, egalite-white, fraternite-red)

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20
Q

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

A

1797 - Treaty of Campoformio, Napoleon won and ended of Venetian Republic

-instead of invading England he invaded Egypt to destroy British trade with the Middle East and India
1798-expedition to Egypt –> lost in the Battle of Nile by British fleet(Lord Horatio Nelson), with his fleet in Abu Qir Bay
-organised a number of scientist to study Egypt and they founded Egyptology

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21
Q

Coup d’Etat

A

blow of state, 1799.
-Napoleon took control of the French government and replaced the Directory with a CONSULATE
-Napoleon became the FIRST CONSUL

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22
Q

concordat (Napoleon +?)

A

1801 - signed a concordat with Pope Pius VII (religious freedom, confiscated church lands)

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23
Q

first consul for life

A

1802 - Napoleon became first consul for life(plebiscite)

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24
Q

Napoloenic Code

A

Code Civil, 1804.
-first modern legal code, basis of modern society:
abolition of social privileges
secularization(civil marriage)
inviolability of property
freedom&equality of citizens

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25
Q

Napoleon as emperor

A

1804., Napoleon decided to make himself emperor
-he was crowned in Notre Dame Cathedral, and placed the crown HIMSELF on his head, signaling that he is more powerful than the church which had crowned French rulers for centuries

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26
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A
    • commander of British fleet Horatio Nelson defeated the French fleet, which gave Britain control of the seas and ended any chances of Napoleon invading Britain
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27
Q

Battle of Austerlitz

A

Three Emperors’ Battle, 1805.
-Napoleon demolished Austrian&Russian armies
-Treaty of Pressburg(Požun, Bratislava) - Austria lost Venice, Istria & Dalmatia, Holy Roman Empire dissolved=the Confederation of Rhine(Rajnski savez)

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28
Q

the Confederation of Rhine(Rajnski savez)

A

1805., with the Treaty of Pressburg, Napoleon formed the Confederation of Rhine –>16 German states under Napoleon’s protection

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29
Q

Treaty of Pressburg(Bratislava)

A

Austria lost Venice, Istria & Dalmatia, Holy Roman Empire dissolved=the Confederation of Rhine

30
Q

Continental System (policy)

A

1806., Napoleon ordered a blockade(forcible closing of all ports) to prevent all trades&communication btwn GB and Europe
-to prevent ships from carrying goods from GB therefore destroying Britain’s economy

31
Q

Battle of Jena

A

1806.,N. defeated Prussia
-Treaty at Tilzit in 1807
-N. created The Grand Duchy of Warsaw(Veliko Varšavsko Vojvodstvo)

32
Q

The Grand Duchy of Warsaw(Veliko Varšavsko Vojvodstvo)

A

a Polish state created in 1806 by N. when he defeated Prussia in Battle of Jena and took Polish territory from Prussia

33
Q

Guerrilla(little war)

A

1808., Napoleon invaded Portugal bc they weren’t respecting the Continental system
-Spanish towns rioted in protest, so N. put his brother Joseph as Spanish king for 5 years
-Spanish peasant fighters - guerrillas were fighting with French armies & with help of British troops they won the war

34
Q

Illyrian Provinces

A

1809., N. defeated Austrians at Wagram and formed the Illyrian Provinces(Cro. and Slovenian parts) with the Treaty of Schonbrunn

35
Q

Treaty of Schoenbrunn

A

formed when N. defeated the Austrians at Wagram in 1809. and formed the Illyrian Provinces

36
Q

The invasion of Russia

A

1812.
Czar Alexander I. refused to stop selling grain to GB(against the Continental System) so N. invaded Russia
-Russians practiced a scorched-earth policy - burning grain fields&killing livestock so the enemy couldn’t eat anything

1812.-Battle of Borodino(indecisive battle)
- General Kutuzov led Russians
-N. stayed in Moscow for 5 weeks expecting Czar to make a peace offer, when he didn’t do so N. ordered his army to turn back and they died of freezing temp., starvation and exposure

1812.-Battle of Berezina
-N. retreating after the invasion and crossing the river Berezina VS Russia
-French suffered great losses but they managed to cross the river - since then ‘Berezina’ is a synonym in French for “disaster”

-Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria&Sweden formed a coalition against Napoleon

37
Q

-Battle of Borodino

A
  1. (indecisive battle)
    - General Kutuzov led Russians
    -N. stayed in Moscow for 5 weeks expecting Czar to make a peace offer, when he didn’t do so N. ordered his army to turn back and they died of freezing temp., starvation and exposure
38
Q

-Battle of Berezina

A

1812.
-N. retreating after the invasion and crossing the river Berezina VS Russia
-French suffered great losses but they managed to cross the river - since then ‘Berezina’ is a synonym in French for “disaster”

39
Q

Battle at Leipzig

A

Battle of Nations, 1813.
-Napoleon defeated
Austria, Russia, Britain, Prussia and Sweden made a coalition

40
Q

Napoleon’s abdication(exile)

A
  1. -Louis XVIII placed on the throne
    -N. exiled from France to Elba(Italy) - but he escaped in 1815. with 1000 followers and became an emperor in France again
41
Q

battle at Waterloo

A

June 18th 1815.
-N. attacked British and Prussian army at Waterloo in Belgium - defeated
-abdicated for the second time

The Hundred Days - period from Napoleon’s return to Paris from Elba to his second abdication

42
Q

The Hundred Days

A

period from Napoleon’s return to Paris from Elba to his second abdication

43
Q

Napoleon’s death (where+when)

A

Napoleon sent to St. Helena(British island in Atlantic ocean)
-died on MAY 5TH 1821

44
Q

THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
(goals, by who?)

A

1814/1815
-decisions made by Alliance - Austria, GB, Prussia, Russia
GOAL–>new political order
–> Restoration of political relations
–>return of the royal dynasties

45
Q

The Holy Alliance(Sveta Alijansa)

A

agreement signed in 1815 by Czar Alexander I.(Russia) + Emperor Francis I.(Austria) + King Frederick William III.(Prussia)

policy of interventionism - purpose of the Alliance was to unite the monarchs of Europe in a holy brotherhood to advance Christian principles
-intervened in Kingdom of Sardinia & The Kingdom of Two Sicilies(1820/21) and in Spain(1823) against LIBERAL AND NATIONAL MOVEMENTS

46
Q

policy of interventionism

A

after the Holy Alliance
purpose of the Alliance was to unite the monarchs of Europe in a holy brotherhood to advance Christian principles
-intervened in Kingdom of Sardinia & The Kingdom of Two Sicilies(1820/21) and in Spain(1823) against LIBERAL AND NATIONAL MOVEMENTS

47
Q

UDŽ. STR 61
Što je zakonik uredio i osigurao?

A

gotovo svaki dio života i osigurao jednaku podjelu imovine među sinovima

48
Q

UDŽ. STR 61
Čiji se autoritet posebno ističe u zakoniku i zašto? Je li danas tako?

A

autoritet muškaraca jer Napoleon ne vjeruje u žensku ravnopravnost

49
Q

UDŽ. STR 61
Kakav je odnos prema braku i obitelji na temelju zakonika?

A

u obitelji otac ima tiranska prava, pravo kazniti dijete sa zatvorom, a nezakonita djeca nemaju nasljednih prava

50
Q

UDŽ. STR 61
Kakva su prava i privilegiji nestali?

A

ugovorna prava žena su nestala koja su imale tijekom ancien regimena, suprugama je zabranjeno poklanjati i zalagati imovinu, a vlasništvo nad njom su mogle dobiti samo uz suprugov pristanak
-nestaje obično i feudalno pravo

51
Q

UDŽ. STR 61
Što je uspostavljeno kaznenim pravom i što je proglašeno?

A

u kaznenom postupku uspostavljena trajna istraga

52
Q

CIVIL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS DURING THE 19TH CT.

political right?

A

political right - related to aristocratic origin and property
medieval states were monarchies in which the nobility made all decisions with the king
-enlightenment criticized that

53
Q

human right
UDŽ 68

A

basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth to death

54
Q

the human rights

A

Civil and Political rights - protect individuals’ freedom from governments, social organizations and private individuals - freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of movement, right to vote..)

Economic and Social rights - guarantee the economic and material security of the individual and a dignified life(human right to work, right to adequate living, right to education..)

cultural rights - protect the rights of different groups - religious, cultural..(right to education in mother tongue, the establishment of cultural societies)

55
Q

Civil and Political rights

A

protect individuals’ freedom from governments, social organizations and private individuals - freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of movement, right to vote..)

56
Q

Economic and Social rights

A

guarantee the economic and material security of the individual and a dignified life(human right to work, right to adequate living, right to education..)

57
Q

cultural rights

A
  • protect the rights of different groups - religious, cultural..(right to education in mother tongue, the establishment of cultural societies)
58
Q

The status and position of women

A

not equal to men
-husband made all decisions, wife was a submissive housewife

by working class of women:
1)employed in the industry
2)maids in houses
3)housewives

59
Q

with the development of the working class women were divided into?

A

1)employed in the industry
2)maids in houses
3)housewives

60
Q

suffragettes

A

advocated for women’s right to vote and for the equality btwn women&men

61
Q

most famous suffragette + education

A

Emmeline Pankhurst
u hrv poznata Marija Jurić Zagorka

in 19th ct. women’s schools were opened, women became educated

62
Q

children’s rights

A

3 basis rights:
child care, child protection, child education

63
Q

Utjecaji Francuske revolucije
kada je propala Mletačka Republika?
tko je dobio prostor bivše Mletačke Republike?

A
  • ideje o pokretanju građanske revolucije
  • Ignjat Martinović
  • Juraj Antun Matutinović
  1. mirom u Campo Formiju
    Austrija
64
Q
  1. mir u Campo Formiju
A

Venecija, Istra, Kvarnerski otoci i Boka Kotorska pripale Austriji
ideja sjedinjenja s ostatkom Hrvatske

65
Q

Pokret za ujedinjenje s Hrvatskom

A
  • fra Andrija Dorotić - proglas - Proglašenje Narodu Dalmatinskom
    general Matija Rukavina - Rajmund Thurn protiv ujedinjenja
    Maksimilijan Vrhovac - Banska Hrvatska
    -> ODBIJENO
66
Q

gdje je potpisan mirovni ugovor nakon poraza Austrije kod Austerlitza?
tko je dobio prostor većeg dijela istočnojadranske obale?

mir u Požunu

A

Požun, 1805.
Francuska

Istra i Dalmacoka priključene Kraljevini Italiji

67
Q

Francuska uprava

A

vojni upravitelj: Auguste Marmont
civilni upravitelj: Vincenzo Dandolo
reforme:
1) jednakost svih građana,
2) ukidanje feudalizma
3) građanski brak
4) sloboda vjeroispovijesti
5) mjere protiv Katoličke crkve - sekularizacija
6) bolji obrazovni sustav - liceji, gimnazije
7) unaprijedili gospodarstvo i trgovinu
8) izgradnja cesta - 18111. Lujzijana - Karlovac->Rijeka

68
Q
      1. u Zadru
A

II Regio Dalmata - Kraglski Dalmatin -> prve novine na hrv. jeziku, dvojezične: talijansko-hrvatske
1806. Rusi ulaze u Boku Kotarsku, Francuska šalje vojsku, general Lauriston zauzima Dubrovnij
1808. ukidanje Dubrovačke Republike

69
Q

mirovni ugovor nakon poraza Austrije kod Wagrama?

A
  1. Schonbrunn, nastaju Ilirske pokrajine
70
Q

Ilirske pokrajine

A

Francuska dobila područje na desnoj obali Save do ušća Une i preostali dio obale
Ilirske pokrajine: Koruška, Kranjska, Istra, Kvarner, Dalmacija, prostor Dubrovačke Republike, hrv. područja južno od Save

Vojna Hrvatska - dio Vojne krajine:
Ljubljana - središte
guverner: Auguste Marmont

71
Q

kraj franc. vlasti

A
  1. eng. brodovi u Jadranu - VIS-> uporište
  2. pomorska bitka: Vis-Hvar-Korčula, francuzi izgubili
  3. Ilirske pokrajine ukinute i vraćene Austriji - bitka kod Leipziga ili bitka naroda (poraz NAPOLEONA)
  4. potvrđeno na Bečkom kongresu
72
Q

posljedice franc. vlasti

A

pomogli ukidanju feudalizma
uspostavili građansko društvo
gospodarski i demografski iscrpili hrvatske zemlje - novi porezi i novačenje

Povijest 3.a (3 decks)

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