2. the axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, and joints Flashcards
how many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80 bones
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
which bones are in the axial skeleton?
hint: s,h,v,t
-skull: cranium, facial and middle ear bones
-hyoid
-vertebral column
-thoracic cage: ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae
bones of the skull:
how many bones are in the cranium?
how many facial bones do we have?
other bones…
-the cranium contains 8 bones: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
-14 facial bones (mandible contains only moveable joint)
-hyoid bone and middle ear bones
cranium:
what is in the temporal lobe?
what is in the occipital lobe?
-external auditory meatus, zygomatic process, styloid process, and mastoid process
-foramen magnum, occipital condyles
cranial bones:
shape and form of sphenoid bone
location and function of ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone
-butterfly shaped
-forms floor and sides of the cranium
-sella turica
ethmoid bone
-located between the eye orbits
-major supporting structure of the nasal cavity
what are the facial bones?
(m, m, p, z, o)
mandible (1)
maxilla (1)
palatine bones (1)
zygomatic bones (2)
other facial bones
what are sinuses? where is the location of the sinuses?
- sinuses are air-filled cavities that lighten the skull and modulate the sound of the voice
(frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinuses)
infant skull: fontanels
what are they( their function) and where are they?
-anterior and occipital fontanels
-not yet converted to bone
-covered with fibrous tissue
-allow for cranial growth
vertebral column sections
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx
vertebral column curves
cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral
Vertebrae
C1 and C2 nods or rotates?
other vertebral parts?
Atlas (C1): Nods “yes”
Atlas (C2): Rotates “no”
other vertebral parts:
-vertebral foramen
-body
-lamina
-spinous process
-padded by intervertebral discs
what are some disorders in the vertebral column?
-scoliosis: lateral curve
-kyphosis: hunchback
-lordosis: swayback
thoracic cage: what is in the sternum?
-manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process
thoracic cage: ribs, true and false ribs?
-12 pairs of ribs
-7 pairs of true ribs
-5 pairs of false ribs, including 2 pairs of floating ribs
what are other thoracic cage structures?
-xiphoid process
-suprasternal notch
-sternomanubrial joint
-costal angle
-costal margin
what are the bones in the appendicular skeleton?
-pectoral girdle: scapulae, clavicles
-upper limbs
-pelvic girdle: coxal bones
-lower limbs
pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) and upper limb bone names
pectoral girdle
-clavicle
-scapula
upper limb
-humerus
-radius and ulna
-carpals
-metacarpals
-phalanges
pelvic girdle: coxal bones functions
-weight bearing
-attachment for lower limbs
-protection of organs
pelvic girdle: coxal bone structure names
-llium
-ischium
-pubis
-acetabulum
-symphysis pubis
lower limb bone names
thigh
-femur (with trochanters)
leg bones
-patella (kneecap)
-tibia (with medial malleolus)
-fibula (with lateral malleolus)
lower limb: ankle and foot bones
foot bones
-tarsals
-metatarsals
-phalanges
arches
-form instep
what are the three types of joints?
-immovable
-slightly movable
-freely movable
what are the 3 types of joints?
hint: movable
-immovable
-slightly movable
-freely movable
