2. Types and Functions of Blood Flashcards
How many erythrocytes are found per mL of blood and what is its function?
5-6 million; carry oxygen.
How many leukocytes are found per mL of blood and what is its function?
10,000; immunity.
How many platelets are found per mL of blood and what is its function?
200,000; coagulation and tissue repair.
Why do erythrocytes survive radiotherapy?
They do not have a nucleus/DNA.
What type of immunity do myeloid cells provide?
Innate.
What is a key mechanism of myeloid cells?
Phagocytosis.
What receptors do myeloid cells have that bind immune complexes?
Complement and Fc.
What must be done to a microbe before it can be phagocytosed?
Opsonised by complement proteins.
What is the stem cell of blood and where is it found?
HSC; bone marrow.
What are HSCs characterised by?
CD34 marker antigen.
How many WBCs are CD34?
1 in 10,000.
In what type of blood is CD34 mostly found?
Placental cord blood.
What patients use HSC to re-populate blood cells after a bone marrow transplant?
Leukaemia.
What happens in bone marrow transplant?
The HSC are extracted by anti-CD33 antibody before radio-ablation, HSC replaced with simulating factors to speed up WBC production.
What do HSCs differentiate into?
Myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells.
What do myeloid cells differentiate into?
Megakaryocytes, mast cells, erythrocytes, and myeloblasts.
What do megakaryocytes form?
Thrombocytes.
What do myeloblasts differentiate into?
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.
What do monocytes form?
Macrophages.
Which cells are involved with innate immunity?
The ones formed by myeloblasts.
What do lymphoid cells differentiate into?
Natural killer cells and small lymphocytes.
What do small lymphocytes differentiate into?
B and T lymphocytes.
What do B-lymphocytes later become?
Plasma cells.
What are the stimulating factors that increase WBC production?
GS-CSF, G-CSF, EPO.
