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Orthopedics > 2- Wrist/Hand > Flashcards

2- Wrist/Hand Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

A

scaphoid

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2
Q

A jersey finger consists of a rupture of the ________ tendon resulting in immediate loss of flexion at the DIP joints.

A

flexor digitorum profundus

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for a jersey finger?

A

occurs when flexed DIP is forcefully hyperextended

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4
Q

If you ask a patient to “make a fist” and they are unable to flex their ring finger what diagnosis does this clue you in on?

A

jersey finger

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5
Q

What is the treatment for jersey finger?

A
  • place in aluminum splint in slight flexion
  • refer to hand specialist for surgery

ALWAYS REQUIRES SURGERY MOST WITHIN 7-10 DAYS

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6
Q

A mallet finger is a rupture of the insertion of the ____ tendon at the base of distal phalanx.

A

extensor

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7
Q

What is the most common tendon injury of the finger?

A

mallet finger

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for a mallet finger?

A

direct blow to tip of finger causing forceful flexion of DIP

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9
Q

If you see a DIP joint held in flexion with associated pain and swelling what diagnosis is this?

A

mallet finger

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10
Q

What is the treatment for mallet finger?

A

splint in full extension or slight hyperextension for 6-8 weeks

do not take splint off or else time restarts

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11
Q

In boutonniere deformity the PIP is ______ and the DIP is ______ .

A 
PIP = flexed 
DIP = hyperextended
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12
Q

What is the treatment for boutonniere deformity OR swan-neck deformity?

A

splint in extension for 6 weeks + hand follow up

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13
Q

This is defined as a disruption of extensor tendon at DIP in addition to injury to central slip resulting in DIP flexion with PIP hyperextension

A

Swan-neck deformity

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14
Q

In swan-neck deformity the PIP is ______ and the DIP is ______ .

A 
PIP = hyperextended
DIP = flexion
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15
Q

A UCL injury of the hand also goes by these 2 names

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb OR Skier’s thumb

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of injury of an ULC tear?

A

forced abduction and extension of thumb

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17
Q

Pain and/or laxity with _____ stress is consistent with a UCL injury of the hand.

A

valgus

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18
Q

What is the treatment management for a UCL injury of the thumb?

A
  • RICE/NSAIDs
  • thumb spica splint
  • refer to hand surgeon
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19
Q

What is the most common fracture site in the upper extremity?

A

distal radius fracture

Colles’ fracture most common

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20
Q

Wrist pain after a fall on outstretched hand is consistent with what fracture?

A

Colles’

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21
Q

Wrist pain after a fall on flexed hand is consistent with what fracture?

22
Q

in a colles’ fracture the distal radius fragment is tilted _____ .

23
Q

in a smith’s fracture the distal radius fragment is tilted _____ .

Study These Flashcards
A

volar (palmar)

24
Q

What is the difference in management for a distal radius fracture it is non-displaced or displaced?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • non-displaced = sugar tong splint + pain management

- displaced = closed reduction or ORIF

25
Tenderness to palpation of the snuff box is consistent with what fracture?
scaphoid fracture
26
What part of the scaphoid is more at risk for avascular necrosis?
proximal
27
What is the treatment for a scaphoid fracture if there is no radiographic fracture but positive clinical findings?
treat as fracture
28
What is the treatment for a non-displaced scaphoid fracture?
immobilize in thumb spica splint and repeat radiographs every 2 weeks
29
What is the treatment for a displaced scaphoid fracture?
surgery
30
What is the duration of immobilization if the scaphoid fracture is located in the following areas: a. distal pole b. waist c. proximal third
a. 4-6 weeks b. 10-12 weeks c. 12-20 weeks
31
A Bennet's fracture is a fracture of the _____ metacarpal?
first
32
What is the treatment for a first metacarpal fracture?
- thumb spica splint | - refer to hand surgeon for surgery
33
What is the most common metacarpal fracture?
fifth metacarpal fracture
34
Deformity, swelling, and tenderness to the dorsum hand and loss of knuckle prominence is consistent with this diagnosis.
fifth metacarpal fracture
35
What is the treatment for a fifth metacarpal fracture?
- ulnar gutter splint | - refer to hand surgeon
36
You normally have ____ degrees of angulation of the metacarpals.
15 degrees
37
What is the "10,20,30,40" rule for a metacarpal fracture?
- first metacarpal can tolerate 10 degrees = 25 - second metacarpal = 20 degrees = 35 - third metacarpal = 30 degrees = 45 - fourth metacarpal = 30 degrees = 45 (15 degrees is normal SO ADD 15 degrees to 10,20,30,30)
38
Phalanx fractures are usually caused by this mechanism.
crush injuries
39
distal phalanx fracture are referred to as a what?
Tuft fracture
40
This is defined as blood trapped under fingernail after injury.
subungual hematoma
41
if hematoma involves > ___% of nail bed, fractures are more likely.
>50%
42
What is the treatment for a subungual hematoma?
trephination d/n need to give antibiotics unless diabetics
43
What is the most common type of finger dislocation?
dorsal
44
What is the first thing you should do if you suspect a finger dislocation? a get plain films b. do a digital block c. reduction d. splint
a. get plain films
45
In a LUNATE dislocation, the _____ stays in place but the _____ is displaced
- capitate stays in place | - lunate is displaced
46
In a PERILUNATE dislocation, the _____ stays in place but the _____ is displaced
- lunate stays in place | - capitate is displaced
47
A lunate and a perilunate dislocation is associated with what nerve injury?
median nerve injury
48
A volar/palmar swelling with palpable mass is consistent with: lunate OR perilunate dislocations?
lunate dislocation
49
A dorsal swelling with palpable mass is consistent with: lunate OR perilunate dislocations?
perilunate dislocation
50
lunate and perilunate dislocations are best assessed on what films?
lateral films
51
What is the treatment for a lunate OR perilunate dislocation?
- immediate reduction followed by sugar tong splint | - referral for surgical repair

Orthopedics (5 decks)

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