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Fresh and Saltwater Ecosystems 8 > 2.0 > Flashcards

2.0 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three states of water found on Earth?

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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2
Q

How does water affect the living and non-living parts of Earth’s environment?

A

Affects climate, weather, landforms, and ecosystems

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3
Q

What are two examples of how water moves?

A

Waves and tides

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4
Q

What is a wave?

A

A movement on the surface of the water

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5
Q

What causes most waves?

A

Wind

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6
Q

What happens to waves as they approach the shore?

A

They slow down and may break

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7
Q

What is the primary cause of tides?

A

The gravitational force of the moon

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8
Q

How many high tides and low tides occur in a typical day?

A

Two high tides and two low tides

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9
Q

What is the effect of waves on shorelines?

A

Erosion and deposition of materials

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The two large bulges of water on Earth caused by the moon’s gravity are called _______.

A

high tides

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11
Q

What are stream characteristics?

A

Rate of water flow, slope of the stream’s bed, erosion patterns

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12
Q

What is a stream’s profile?

A

A description of its characteristics

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13
Q

What do hot springs do?

A

Bring dissolved sediments to the surface and deposit them

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14
Q

What happens to water particles in a wave?

A

They move in a circular motion but do not travel long distances

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15
Q

True or False: Tides are caused by the Earth’s rotation alone.

A

False

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16
Q

What is the role of glaciologists?

A

Study glaciers and their connection to world climate

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17
Q

What is the effect of large waves on shorelines?

A

They erode the shore

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18
Q

What are the two main types of water systems discussed?

A

Freshwater and saltwater systems

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19
Q

Describe the relationship between stream-bed slope and erosion.

A

Steeper slopes increase erosion

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20
Q

What are tsunamis?

A

Huge ocean waves created by earthquakes

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The gravitational pull of the moon creates _______ in the oceans.

A

tides

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22
Q

What is the typical time difference for high and low tides each day?

A

50 minutes later each day

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23
Q

What factors affect glaciers?

A

Temperature, precipitation, and gravitational forces

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24
Q

How do waves cause erosion?

A

By crashing against shorelines and removing materials

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25
What is deposition?
The laying down of materials carried by water
26
What tools do glaciologists use to study glaciers?
Radar and computer programs
27
What is required to lift the stream table?
At least two people must be used to lift the stream table.
28
What should you do after lifting the stream table off the pile of books?
Place the stream table flat on the desk and let any remaining water drain from it.
29
What type of data table should you design to record observations?
A data table to record observations in your notebook and draw diagrams to illustrate changes.
30
What happens to the stream-bed material as water flows over it?
The stream-bed material experiences erosion.
31
How does stream flow behave on a shallow slope?
The stream flow is generally slower on a shallow slope.
32
Why is it important to keep the water flow rate constant for all trials?
To ensure that the results are consistent and valid for comparison.
33
What should you include in your summary about the stream bed?
The relationship between the slope of the stream bed and the erosion of material, along with observations of water speed.
34
What do river rafting companies need to know about rivers?
They need to know the river's characteristics, including twists and turns.
35
What is qualitative data?
Information that describes events without using exact measurements.
36
What is quantitative data?
Information that describes events in measurements or quantities.
37
What is a watershed?
All the area of land that drains into one main lake or river.
38
What determines the direction that a watershed drains?
The location of the highest land on the continent, known as the Continental Divide.
39
Where do rivers flow to the east of the Continental Divide in North America?
Rivers flow into either the Arctic Ocean or the Atlantic Ocean.
40
What is the main cause of erosion along riverbanks?
Natural factors and human activities can both cause erosion along riverbanks.
41
What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?
The theory that Earth's surface is divided into huge moving plates.
42
What happens at converging boundaries of tectonic plates?
Plates push against each other, leading to mountain formation.
43
What are glaciers?
Large moving bodies of ice that can cover vast areas of land.
44
What are continental glaciers?
Glaciers that form in Earth's coldest regions, covering large land areas.
45
What is the relationship between glaciers and land shaping?
Glaciers grind down and shape the land as they move.
46
What is the significance of the Continental Divide?
It sets the pattern for the directions in which rivers flow.
47
Fill in the blank: The speed of a river's current depends on its _______.
volume of water
48
What forms when a river enters a lake or ocean?
A delta is formed from the sediment dropped by the slowing water.
49
What are karst landscapes characterized by?
Caves, sinkholes, natural stone bridges, and other features.
50
What is the geological feature formed at divergent boundaries?
Mid-ocean ridges form where plates move apart.
51
What is a seamount?
An underwater volcano that does not reach the ocean's surface.
52
What can cause glaciers to retreat?
Warmer climate leading to increased melting.
53
What forms when parts of a glacier melt and release sediment?
Eskers ## Footnote Eskers are formed by meltwater flowing in tunnels under the ice, depositing sand and gravel.
54
What are moraines?
Deposits of rocks and gravel along the sides and end of a glacier ## Footnote Moraines form as glaciers melt and deposit material.
55
What are drumlins?
Small hills with a teardrop shape formed by glaciers moving over moraines ## Footnote The tip of the drumlin points in the direction of glacier movement.
56
What is a kettle lake?
A lake formed when large chunks of ice left by a glacier melt away ## Footnote Kettle lakes are typically round and found in glacial regions.
57
How has glaciation affected the Rocky Mountains?
They have been worn down from tall sharp peaks to rounded hills ## Footnote This change occurred over hundreds of millions of years.
58
Define climate.
The average weather measured over a long period of time.
59
How do large bodies of water affect climate?
They prevent extremes in temperature ## Footnote Water has a high heat capacity, allowing it to retain heat longer.
60
What is a rain shadow?
An area with dry conditions on the leeward side of mountains ## Footnote Caused by moist air rising and cooling, losing precipitation on the windward side.
61
What is a chinook?
A warm, dry wind that descends the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains ## Footnote Chinooks can raise temperatures significantly in a short time.
62
What influences the climate of Lethbridge, Alberta?
The Rocky Mountains and its location in a rain shadow.
63
What impact do ocean currents have on climate?
They can carry warm or cold water, influencing local weather patterns ## Footnote Currents can affect temperature and precipitation levels in coastal areas.
64
What is El Niño?
A climate event characterized by a change in ocean currents that affects global weather patterns.
65
What does La Niña refer to?
A climate pattern that is the opposite of El Niño, often leading to cooler ocean temperatures.
66
Fill in the blank: The __________ current carries cold water down into more southerly areas.
Labrador Current
67
What effect does warm air have on moisture?
Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air.
68
What role do wind patterns play in ocean currents?
They primarily cause surface currents in the ocean.
69
Identify one factor that causes ocean currents.
Wind ## Footnote Other factors include temperature differences, salinity differences, and Earth's rotation.

Fresh and Saltwater Ecosystems 8 (4 decks)

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