20 – Cerebrum I

Question 1

Cerebrum:

Answer 1

-the largest, most prominent, part of the brain
-grey matter is found superficial, and white matter is found deep (the opposite of the SC)

Question 2

Cerebrum contains:

Answer 2

-cerebral cortex
-subcortical structures
>hippocampus
>caudate nuclei
>basal ganglia
>olfactory bulb

Question 3

What are the primary 3 vesicles during brain development?

Answer 3

-prosencephalon
-mesencephalon
-rhombencephalon

Question 4

Prosencephalon includes:

Answer 4

-telencephalon=cerebrum
-diencephalon=thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 5

Rhombencephalon includes:

Answer 5

-metencephalon (pons + cerebellum)
-myelencephalon (medulla)

Question 6

Development of cerebrum:

Answer 6

-enlarges bilaterally
-rapid cell division in grey matter
-folds because there is so much neural tissue but it is confined within the skull cavity

Question 7

Development of cerebrum and neural connections:

Answer 7

-ascending and descending from SC, etc
-communication between different parts of brain
>Ex. somatosensory cortex needs to communicate with motor cortex
-communication between both hemispheres

Question 8

Cerebral cortex contains:

Answer 8

-2 hemispheres
-grey matter of the cerebrum and associated white matter

Question 9

Gyrus and sulcus:

Answer 9

-gyrus: ‘bump’
-sulcus: ‘invagination’

Question 10

Corpus callosum:

Answer 10

-dense network of white matter tracks across midline

Question 11

Cerebral cortex division in ‘location’ groups:

Answer 11

*paired
-occipital cortex
-parietal cortex (dorsal)
-frontal cortex
-temporal cortex

Question 12

Cerebral cortex division in ‘functional’ groups:

Answer 12

-motor cortex
-somatosensory cortex
-auditory cortex
-visual cortex

Question 13

Motor cortex:

Answer 13

-descending motor neurons
-rostral to somatosensory cortex

Question 14

Somatotopy:

Answer 14

-regions in the cortex have a topographical ‘map’ from the periphery
-adjacent body structures have adjacent cortical areas
-ascending axons maintain spatial positioning relative to one another (even as they synapse in various brain regions)

Question 15

Right hemisphere controls:

Answer 15

-L side of body (motor and sensory)
-L visual field

Question 16

Left hemisphere controls:

Answer 16

-R side of body (motor and sensory)
-R visual field

Question 17

Left visual field means:

Answer 17

-left side of both eyes

Question 18

Auditory cortex has a:

Answer 18

-tonotopic map
>various frequencies are represented in distinct areas of the cortex

Question 19

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 19

1. Required for voluntary movement (motor cortex)
2. Required for conscious sensory perceptions (somatosensory cortex)
   a. Exteroception/pain
   b. Proprioception
   c. pain
3. Conscious vision (visual cortex)
4. Vestibule integration (balance, posture)

Question 20

Lesions of the cerebral cortex: due to voluntary movement

Answer 20

-paresis/paralysis=UMN

Question 21

Lesions of the cerebral cortex: due to exteroception/pain

Answer 21

-hyperalgesia
-loss of sensation

Question 22

Lesions of the cerebral cortex: due to proprioception

Answer 22

-ataxia/proprioceptive deficits

Question 23

Lesions of the cerebral cortex: due to conscious vision

Answer 23

-loss of awareness of vision (cortical blindness)
-circling (to the side of the lesion)
>looking to where they can see (ex. lesion in R=circle to the R)

Question 24

Lesions of the cerebral cortex: due to vestibular integration

Answer 24

-head turn (to the side of the lesion)
-ataxia
-falling (to side of lesion)

Question 25

Seizures and brain lesion location:

Answer 25

-forebrain