2.0 Lang - Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter.pptx

Question 1

What is the definition of a property in the context of matter?

Answer 1

A characteristic that describes a substance

Properties can be physical or chemical.

Question 2

What is a physical property?

Answer 2

A property displayed without any change to the composition of the substance

Examples include density, mass, volume, and color.

Question 3

List three examples of physical properties.

Answer 3

• Density
• Mass
• Colour

Question 4

What is conductivity in the context of physical properties?

Answer 4

How heat or electricity can flow through the substance

Conductivity is essential for understanding materials in electronics and thermal applications.

Question 5

What does malleability refer to?

Answer 5

The ability of a substance to be flattened

Malleable substances can be shaped without breaking.

Question 6

What is luster?

Answer 6

How shiny the substance looks

Luster is an important property in identifying minerals and metals.

Question 7

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative properties?

Answer 7

Quantitative properties are described with numbers and units, while qualitative properties are observed with senses

Quantitative examples include mass and volume; qualitative examples include color and hardness.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: A physical change is a change in which the matter’s physical appearance is altered, but the _______ remains unchanged.

Answer 8

[composition]

Question 9

Give an example of a physical change.

Answer 9

Ice to water to vapor

This example illustrates a change in state while the composition of water remains the same.

Question 10

What is the significance of the melting/freezing point in physical properties?

Answer 10

It indicates the temperature at which a substance changes state between solid and liquid

This property is crucial for understanding material behavior in different temperatures.

Question 11

What is viscosity?

Answer 11

The resistance of a fluid to flow

Viscosity affects how liquids behave in various conditions, such as pouring or mixing.

Question 12

True or False: The state of matter can only be solid or liquid.

Answer 12

False

Matter can exist as solid, liquid, or gas.

Question 13

What is the definition of density?

Answer 13

Mass divided by volume

Density is a critical property for understanding the buoyancy and behavior of substances in different environments.

Question 14

List two qualitative properties of matter.

Answer 14

• Colour
• Hardness

Question 15

What is ductility?

Answer 15

The ability to be hammered thin or stretched without breaking

Ductility is an important property for materials used in wiring and metalworking.

Question 16

What is solubility?

Answer 16

How much of a substance dissolves in a solvent

This property is essential for understanding chemical reactions and solutions.

Question 17

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 17

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

Question 20

What are chemical properties of matter?

Answer 20

Describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance or substances

Involves a chemical change by a chemical reaction.

Question 21

What happens to chemicals during a chemical change?

Answer 21

Chemicals are transformed into different substances with different properties

Example: Cooking eggs.

Question 22

What is a chemical change?

Answer 22

A change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed to form new kinds of matter with different compositions (via a chemical reaction)

Observed through various indicators.

Question 23

What is one hint of a chemical change?

Answer 23

Production of gas

This can often be observed through bubbling or fizzing.

Question 24

What is another hint of a chemical change?

Answer 24

Change in colour

A visible indication that a chemical reaction may have occurred.

Question 25

What is the formation of a precipitate?

Answer 25

Produces a solid during a chemical change ## Footnote Example: Lead Iodide Precipitating.

Question 26

What is a hint of chemical change related to heat?

Answer 26

Production or absorption of heat ## Footnote This can indicate an exothermic or endothermic reaction.

Question 27

What is a hint of chemical change related to light?

Answer 27

Production of light ## Footnote This can occur during certain chemical reactions, indicating a change.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: A change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed to form new kinds of matter is known as a _______.

Answer 28

[chemical change]

Question 29

Who proposed the concept of 'atomos'?

Answer 29

Democritus ## Footnote Democritus suggested that matter could not be divided indefinitely and named the smallest piece 'atomos', meaning 'not to be cut'.

Question 30

What was Aristotle's view of matter?

Answer 30

All matter is made up of 4 elements: earth, fire, air, and water ## Footnote Aristotle's theory overshadowed Democritus' ideas for over 2000 years.

Question 31

What is Dalton's Billiard Ball Model?

Answer 31

1. All atoms of an element are identical 2. Different elements have different atoms 3. Atoms can be rearranged but not created or destroyed ## Footnote Dalton's experiments in the early 1800s led to the acceptance of atoms.

Question 32

What did J.J. Thomson discover in 1897?

Answer 32

The existence of smaller particles within the atom ## Footnote Thomson's experiments with cathode rays suggested that atoms contain negative electrons.

Question 33

What is the Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 33

Most of the atom is positive with negative electrons scattered throughout ## Footnote Thomson's model is often referred to as the Chocolate Chip Model.

Question 34

What did Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment reveal?

Answer 34

The atom has a positive nucleus surrounded by clouds of electrons ## Footnote Most of the atom is empty space, as demonstrated by the deflection of particles in the experiment.

Question 35

Describe the Bohr Model of the atom.

Answer 35

Electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus ## Footnote Bohr's model improved upon previous models by placing electrons in defined energy levels.

Question 36

What are the three subatomic particles?

Answer 36

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons ## Footnote Each has distinct properties, including charge and location.

Question 37

What is the charge and mass of protons?

Answer 37

Charge: 1+, Mass: 1 amu ## Footnote Protons are located in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 38

What is the charge and mass of neutrons?

Answer 38

Charge: 0, Mass: 1 amu ## Footnote Neutrons are also located in the nucleus.

Question 39

What is the charge and mass of electrons?

Answer 39

Charge: 1-, Mass: 0 ## Footnote Electrons are found in electron orbitals surrounding the nucleus.

Question 40

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 40

Neutrons = Atomic Mass (rounded) - Atomic Number (# Protons) ## Footnote This formula helps determine neutrons based on periodic table data.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The first shell of an atom can hold ______ electrons.

Answer 41

2 ## Footnote The second shell can hold 8 electrons, and the third shell can also hold 8.

Question 42

What elements should you practice drawing using the Bohr-Rutherford model?

Answer 42

The first 20 elements ## Footnote This practice helps in understanding atomic structure and electron arrangement.

Question 43

True or False: Dalton's model stated that atoms can be created or destroyed in reactions.

Answer 43

False ## Footnote Dalton asserted that atoms are neither created nor destroyed.

Question 44

3What is the formula to determine the number of protons in an element?

Answer 44

Protons = Atomic Number

Question 45

How do you find the number of electrons in an element?

Answer 45

Electrons = Atomic Number

Question 46

What is the formula to calculate the number of neutrons in an element?

Answer 46

Neutrons = Atomic mass - Atomic number

Question 47

What should you do before determining the number of neutrons?

Answer 47

Round the atomic mass to the next whole number

Question 48

For Carbon, what is the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons?

Answer 48

Protons = 6, Electrons = 6, Neutrons = 6

Question 49

What is the first step in drawing a Bohr-Rutherford Diagram?

Answer 49

Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for a given element

Question 50

In a Bohr-Rutherford Diagram, where do you write the number of protons and neutrons?

Answer 50

Inside the nucleus

Question 51

What is the maximum number of electrons that the 1st shell can hold?

Answer 51

2 electrons

Question 52

What is the maximum number of electrons that shells 2, 3, and 4 can hold?

Answer 52

8 electrons

Question 53

What is the structure of a Bohr-Rutherford Diagram?

Answer 53

A nucleus with protons and neutrons inside, and electrons on outer shells

Question 54

In the Bohr-Rutherford model, where do electrons go?

Answer 54

On the outer shells of the atom

Question 55

True or False: The number of protons and neutrons can be placed in any part of the diagram.

Answer 55

False

Question 56

What is the first step when determining the particles for Helium?

Answer 56

Protons = 2, Electrons = 2, Neutrons = 2

Question 57

Fill in the blank: The nucleus in a Bohr-Rutherford Diagram contains _______ and _______.

Answer 57

Protons and Neutrons

Question 58

What needs to be done for each of the first 20 elements on the Periodic Table?

Answer 58

Determine the number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Question 59

What should be included in the nucleus drawing for each element?

Answer 59

Write the proton and neutron number in (p= /n=)