20. Lymphatics

Question 1

name the 3 lymphatic system components

Answer 1

1. lymph
2. lymph channels
3. organized lymph tissues

Question 2

define lymph

Answer 2

Clear, coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels.

Question 3

what is the largest component of lymph

Answer 3

water and proteins

Question 4

please list 7 lymphoid tissues

Answer 4

1. tonsils
2. thymus
3. spleen
4. peyer’s patches
5. appendix
6. bone marrow
7. lymph nodes

Question 5

how many superficial and deep nodes are there?

Answer 5

400-450

Question 6

how do lymph nodes filter lymph

Answer 6

Macrophages remove and destroy microorganisms and debris.

Question 7

how do lymph nodes protect the body

Answer 7

Activate the immune system.

Question 8

Where are lymph nodes not present

Answer 8

1. brain/spinal bord
2. epidermis
3. endomysium (muscle/cartilage)
4. bones, teeth, bone marrow

Question 9

do the organ systems that do not have lymph nodes empty into the lymphatic system?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what is the biggest lymphatic collecting unit in the abdomen

Answer 10

cysterna chyli

Question 11

name the 3 compartments of the lymphatic system

Answer 11

1. superficial
2. deep
3. organ specific

Question 12

what connects the superficial and deep vessels?

Answer 12

perforator vessels

Question 13

name the 4 regions of the lymphatic system based on structure of the vessel walls

Answer 13

1. lymphatic capillaries
2. pre-collectors
3. collectors
4. lymphatic trunks

Question 14

describe the movement of the lymph from tissues to the ducts

Answer 14

capillaries–>plexus–>lymphatic trunks–>2 main ducts

Question 15

lymph from what body areas will drain into the cysterna chyli

Answer 15

trunk of the abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs

Question 16

from where does the left lymphatic duct receive lymph

Answer 16

1. left head/neck
2. left arm/thorax
3. left and right lower body
4. thoracic viscera

Question 17

what is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body

Answer 17

left lymphatic duct

Question 18

where does the LLD drain into?

Answer 18

venous system and the left jugulo-subclavian junction

Question 19

from where does the right lymphatic duct receive lymph

Answer 19

1. right head/neck
2. right arm
3. right chest

Question 20

where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

Answer 20

right jugulo-subclavian junction

Question 21

what are the 4 functions of lymph

Answer 21

1. nutrition
2. maintain fluid balance
3. purification and cleansing of tissues
4. defense

Question 22

how does the lymphatics participate in nutrition and what structures are involved

Answer 22

1. lacteals
2. peyer’s patches
   - allow fats into the circulatory system from the intestine

Question 23

how many Liters leaks out of the capillaries daily

Answer 23

30L

Question 24

what % drains back into the capillaries

Answer 24

90%

Question 25

how does the rest of the fluid get back into the caps then

Answer 25

10% returns through the lymphatics

Question 26

what % of plasma proteins are carried back to the vasculature by lymph

Answer 26

50%

Question 27

what is the primary meas of return of proteins after efflux from arterial capillaries into the extracellular system

Answer 27

lymphatic return

Question 28

what 5 things happens when excess fluid enters the tissues

Answer 28

1. anchoring filaments pull on wall of lymphatic cap 2. fluid flows into the terminal lymphatic cap 3. overlapping edges of the endothelial cells of tissue close like valves 4. this closing moves lymph forward into the collecting lymphatic

Question 29

Describe the intrinsic pumping mechanism of the larger lymphatic vessels.

Answer 29

1. when a collecting lymphatic becomes full, the smooth muscle wall contracts 2. valves exit in all lymphatic channels 3. this moves lymph forward toward terminal drainage sites

Question 30

please list 4 diaphragms of system lymph flow

Answer 30

1. falx cerebri/tentorium cerebelli 2. sibson's fascia 3. thoracoabdominal diaphragm 4. pelvic/urogenital diaphragm

Question 31

what does lymph move

Answer 31

1. pressure differentials 2. direct massage to lymph structures 3. respiratory motion

Question 32

what is the most important diaphragm for lymph movement

Answer 32

thoracoabdominal | *it is the heart of the lymphatic system

Question 33

how do the diaphragms move together in unison?

Answer 33

neuro control, fascial attachments, pressure differentials

Question 34

what is considered to be the heart of the lymphatic sytem

Answer 34

thoracoabdominal diaphragm

Question 35

what is considered to be the heart of the lymphatic sytem

Answer 35

thoracoabdominal diaphragm

Question 36

what are 2 main ways you can improve lymphatic flow with OMM

Answer 36

1. remove restrictive impediments to flow | 2. promote and augment the flow of lymph

Question 37

what are the personal recommendation of dr. klock for improving lymphatic flow

Answer 37

1. assess for CCP 2 bring patient back to CCP 3. treat CCP 4. remember the respiratory circulatory model

Question 38

what are the most common kinds of cancers spread by the lymph

Answer 38

1. carcinomas | 2. melanomas