20- Pharmacology Flashcards
Humalog is fast or short-acting insulin?
rapid acting (3-4 hours) aka Lispro
Novolog is a fast or short-acting insulin?
rapid acting (3-4 hours) aka Aspart
Name some long-acting insulin.
long acting (24-35 hours)
Glargine (Lantus)
Levemir (detemir)
How do sulfonylureas work?
increase in the amount of insulin secreted in response to a carbohydrate challenge
Explain the 3 fundamental defects in DM 2.
- decreased peripheral glucose utilization
- increased hepatidc glucose production
- insufficient insulin secretion
how does the mechanism of action of metformin (a biguanide) differ from a sulfonoylurea?
increases peripheral metabolic response to endogenous insulin
What is the mechanism of metformin?
- decreases hepatic glucose production
2. increases peripheral glucose utilization
what is the MOA of NSAIDs?
COX-inhibition and inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
What is COX-1 used for?
important for platelet aggregation, regulation of blood flow in the kidney and the stomach, and regulation of gastric acid secretion
What is COX-2 used for?
induced during pain and inflammatory stimuli
What is the DOC and dosage for acute gout?
Indomethacin 75 mg PO BID
What is the MOA of Mobic?
COX-2 preferential inhibitor (induced during pain and inflammation)
*dosage is 7.5mg PO daily
What lab test monitors heparin?
activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
What is the low dose heparin dosage?
5,000 units SC 2 hours prior to surgery and 5,000 SC units every 8-12 hours until ambulatory
what is the reversal agent for heparin?
protamine sulfate
*1mg neutralizes 100 units heparin
