20- Pharmacology

Question 1

Humalog is fast or short-acting insulin?

Answer 1

rapid acting (3-4 hours) 
aka Lispro

Question 2

Novolog is a fast or short-acting insulin?

Answer 2

rapid acting (3-4 hours)  
aka Aspart

Question 3

Name some long-acting insulin.

Answer 3

long acting (24-35 hours)
Glargine (Lantus)
Levemir (detemir)

Question 4

How do sulfonylureas work?

Answer 4

increase in the amount of insulin secreted in response to a carbohydrate challenge

Question 5

Explain the 3 fundamental defects in DM 2.

Answer 5

1. decreased peripheral glucose utilization
2. increased hepatidc glucose production
3. insufficient insulin secretion

Question 6

how does the mechanism of action of metformin (a biguanide) differ from a sulfonoylurea?

Answer 6

increases peripheral metabolic response to endogenous insulin

Question 7

What is the mechanism of metformin?

Answer 7

1. decreases hepatic glucose production

2. increases peripheral glucose utilization

Question 8

what is the MOA of NSAIDs?

Answer 8

COX-inhibition and inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 9

What is COX-1 used for?

Answer 9

important for platelet aggregation, regulation of blood flow in the kidney and the stomach, and regulation of gastric acid secretion

Question 10

What is COX-2 used for?

Answer 10

induced during pain and inflammatory stimuli

Question 11

What is the DOC and dosage for acute gout?

Answer 11

Indomethacin 75 mg PO BID

Question 12

What is the MOA of Mobic?

Answer 12

COX-2 preferential inhibitor (induced during pain and inflammation)
*dosage is 7.5mg PO daily

Question 13

What lab test monitors heparin?

Answer 13

activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Question 14

What is the low dose heparin dosage?

Answer 14

5,000 units SC 2 hours prior to surgery and 5,000 SC units every 8-12 hours until ambulatory

Question 15

what is the reversal agent for heparin?

Answer 15

protamine sulfate

*1mg neutralizes 100 units heparin

Question 16

what is the lovenox dosage for DVT prophylaxis?

Answer 16

40mg SC

Question 17

which blood test monitors warfarin?

Answer 17

PT/INR

Question 18

what is the MOA for Eliquis (Apixaban) and Xarelto (rivaroxaban)?

Answer 18

Factor Xa inhibitors

Question 19

What is the MOA of dabigatran (pradexa)?

Answer 19

direct thrombin inhibitor

Question 20

what are the irreversible platelet inhibitors?

Answer 20

aspirin
plavix (clopidogrel)
*inhibits platelet for 7-10 days

Question 21

which class of local anesthetics is more hypersensitive?

Answer 21

esters> amides

Question 22

which class of local anesthetics is metabolized by the liver?

Answer 22

amide

*so don’t use amides in patients with cirrhosis

Question 23

which class of local anesthetics is metabolized in the plasma?

Answer 23

esters (by pseudocholinesterase)