Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

REGUB > 20. Pituitary and Thyroid Pathology > Flashcards

20. Pituitary and Thyroid Pathology Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the anterior lobe of the pituitary also known as?

A

Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the anterior lobe of the pituitary originate from?

A

Rathke’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the other name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the posterior lobe originate from?

A

3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is pseudohypofunction of an endocrine organ?

A

Target organ receptors not functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which hormones increase the release of:

a. GH
b. TSH
c. FSH and LH
d. ACTH

A

a. GHRH
b. TRH
c. GnRH
d. CRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which hormones inhibit the release of:

a. Prolactin
b. GH

A

a. Dopamine

b. Somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common tumour of the pituitary?

A

Prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the effects of the mass of a pituitary tumour?

A

Compress optic chiasm causing bitemporal hemianopia
Decrease in other hormones
Rarely symptoms of ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms of a prolactinoma in men?

A

Asymptomatic
Low libido
Impotence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the symptoms of a prolactinoma in women?

A

Amenorrhoea
Sterility
Galactorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does pituitary stalk compression cause increased prolactin release?

A

No inhibition by dopamine and PRL has no stimulatory hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for a prolactinoma?

A

Dopamine agonist

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the effects of high growth hormone on the structure of the adult body?

A 
Prognathism
Brow protrusion
Broad nose
Large hands and feet
Enlarged tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the non-structural effects of acromegaly?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome
Diabetes
Joint pain
Deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between Cushing’s syndrome and Cushing’s disease?

A

Syndrome is high cortisol due to any cause

Cushing’s disease is due to an ACTH releasing adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the causes of hypopituitarism?

A

Adenoma compressing other segments
Trauma
Post surgery or radiation
Ischaemic necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Ischaemic necrosis of the pituitary due to blood loss in childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does SIADH result in?

A

Excessive water resorption and volume overload

Hyponatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Reduced secretion of ADH so that the kidneys can’t resorb water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is measured in a TFT?

A

T4, T3
TSH
Thyroid antibodies
Thyroglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does euthyroid mean?

A

Normal thyroid function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a struma ovarii?

Study These Flashcards
A

Ovarian teratoma secreting thyroid hormones

24
Q

What are the primary causes of hyperthyroidism?

Study These Flashcards
A

Grave’s disease
Multinodular goitre
Adenoma>carcinoma

25
What causes secondary hyperthyroidism?
TSH releasing pituitary adenoma
26
What is a 'thyroid storm'?
Abrupt severe hyperthyroidism a/w underlying Grave's | Can cause atrial fib
27
What are the causes of primary hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto thyroiditis Iatrogenic: surgery, radioactive iodine, drugs Iodine deficiency Dyshormogenic goitre: congenital
28
What affect can hypothyroidism have on the heart?
Complete heart block
29
What is Grave's disease?
Familial autoimmune condition | IgG autoantibody to TSH receptor: stimulatory effects
30
What are the microscopic signs of Grave's disease?
Star shaped follicles Little coloid Lymphocytes
31
What are the clinical signs of Grave's disease?
Hyperthyroidism +/- swelling Exophthalmos Pretibial myxedema
32
What is Hashimoto's disease?
Autoimmune syndrome causing hypothyroidism | Follicular epithelial cells are attacked by killer T cells
33
What can cause hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto's disease?
Briefly due to inflammatory reaction causing release of all T3 and T4
34
What is the macroscopic appearance of the thyroid in Hasmimoto's disease?
Swollen gland at start, later atrophies
35
What is the microscopic appearance in Hashimoto's disease?
Dense infiltrate | Oxyphilic change of follicular epithelium
36
What is De Quervain's thyroiditis?
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis | History of URTI before onset of sudden painful enlargement of the thyroid and fever
37
How long does De Quervain's thyroiditis last?
6-8 weeks, after which the patient returns to normal
38
What is the microscopic appearance of De Quervain's thyroiditis?
Focal acute inflammation | Granulomas
39
What investigations should be done into a thyroid nodule?
Ultrasound Radionuclide imaging (warm vs cold) FNA biopsy
40
What thyroid nodules are concerning?
Solitary Young or male patient Cold on radionuclide imaging
41
What is a thy 1 stage on an FNA and what is the management?
Non diagnostic | Repeat FNA
42
What is a thy 2 stage on an FNA and what is the management?
Non-neoplastic: hyperplastic or colloid nodule | No need to intervene
43
What is a thy 3 stage on an FNA and what is the management?
Possible neoplasm: 3f: follicular lesion 3a: atypia Taken out
44
What is a thy 4 or 5 stage on an FNA and what is the management?
4: suspicious of malignancy 5: certain of malignancy Remove
45
What are the features of a follicular adenoma?
Euthyroid or sometimes hyperthyroid Encapsulated, firm and small NO INVASION
46
What are the risks for malignant thyroid tumours?
Radiation High iodine Genetic Nodules
47
What is the most common malignant thyroid tumour?
Papillary carcinoma
48
What patient group are papillary carcinomas most common in and what is the prognosis?
20-40 y/o females | Low grade tumour with very good prognosis
49
What are the microscopic features of papillary carcinomas?
Pale, overlapping nuclei Nuclear inclusions and grooves Psammoma bodies
50
Which malignant thyroid tumour is associated with a slowly enlarging, painless nodule?
Follicular carcinoma
51
What is the treatment for a follicular carcinoma?
Total thyroidectomy | Radioactive iodine
52
Which thyroid tumour is associated with MEN syndromes?
Medullary carcinoma
53
What hormone is secreted by medullary carcinomas?
Calcitonin
54
What is distinctive about the stroma of a medullary carcinoma?
Amyloid-like: stains with congo red
55
Which thyroid tumour has the worst prognosis?
Anaplastic carcinoma

REGUB (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions