Esophagus

Question 0

GETD – when to use surgery? Type of surgery?

Answer 0

#Unable to be controlled by medical means
#Complications – ulceration, stenosis
#Dysplastic changes (resection)

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

Question 1

Best test to establish presence of reflux?

Answer 1

PH monitoring

Question 2

Can swallow solids but not liquids – suspected diagnosis

Can swallow liquids but not solids – Suspected diagnosis?

Both liquids and solids are swallowed with difficulty – suspected diagnosis?

Answer 2

Alcalasia

Tumor

Neurogenic problem

Question 3

Treatment of alcalasia?

Answer 3

Endoscopic Balloon dilation

Question 4

Risk factors for esophageal cancer? Goal of Surgical Management?

Answer 4

Squamous cell carcinoma – smoking and drinking

Adenocarcinoma – GERD

Mostly palliative

Question 5

Treatment of Mallory-Weiss tear?

Answer 5

Photocoagulation

Question 6

Boerhaave syndrome? Symptoms and signs? Diagnosed with? Management?

Answer 6

Forceful vomiting leading to esophageal perforation

Epigastric pain of sudden onset, bye fever, leukocytosis,

Contrast swallow (gastrografin) is diagnostic

Emergency surgery

Question 7

Most common reason for esophageal perforation? Diagnose by?

Answer 7

Instrumentation; emphysema in lower neck

Question 8

Gastric adenocarcinoma – demographic? Diagnosed with? Surgery when? Test before surgery?

Answer 8

Elderly; endoscopy biopsy

Best therapy; CT helps assess operability

Question 9

Gastric lymphoma, – diagnosed with? Surgery when?

Answer 9

Endoscopic biopsy

If perforation is feared as tumor melts away; chemoradiation first-line treatment

Question 10

Tumor associated with H pylori?

Answer 10

Low grade rheumatoid transformation (MALToma)