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Z IPE Past Papers > 2008 > Flashcards

2008 Flashcards

1
Q

painful lump in groin differentials

A

Femoral hernia, inguinal hernia, femoral artery aneurysm

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2
Q

Tx for H pylori

A

PPI, clarith + amox

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3
Q

INR for surgery?

A

less than 1.5

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4
Q

Tx of constipation and diarrhoea in IBS

A

Constipation - senna

Diarrhoea - loperamide

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5
Q

What would FBCs for celiacs reveal?

A

FBC shows pernicious anemia or iron def anaemia

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6
Q

Findings on urine microscopy for IgA nephropathy

A

Red cell casts

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7
Q

Findings on urine microscopy for ATN

A

muddy brown casts

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8
Q

Screening for acromegaly

A

IGF-1

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9
Q

Tx conservative and definitive for acromegaly

A

○ Conservative - Somatostatin analogues

Definitive - Transphenoidal surgery

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10
Q

Tx of UTI

A

• Uncomplicated - Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin 3 days

Complicated - Same for 5 days

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11
Q

Advice on avoiding UTI?

A

• Wipe from front to back
• Void post coitus
Wear a condom during sex

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12
Q

Common organism in UTI

A

`e coli

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13
Q

Female Advice on abx use in UTI

A

• Inactivates COCP, use condom

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14
Q

Superior, inferior, anterior and posterior limit of epidural

A

• Superior limit - foramen magnum
• Inferior limit - Sacrococcygeal ligament at S2
• Anterior - posterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior - Ligamentum flavum

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15
Q

Epidural complications

A

• Hypotension
• Infection
• Haematoma
Nerve damage

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16
Q

Alcohol dependency features

A 
Alcohol dependency Features - CANT STOP:
	• C - Compulsion
	• A - Aware of harms but continue
	• N - Neglect of other activities
	• T - Tolerance
	• S - Stopping = withdrawal symptoms
	• T - Time preoccupied with alcohol increases
	• O - Out of control
P - Persistent futile attempts to stop
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17
Q

Section 2 and 3 of MHA

A

2 - up to 28 days. 2 docs one of which is AMHP

3 - up to 6 months. 2 docs one of which is AMHP

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18
Q

Arterial supply of oesophagus, upper middle and lower third

A

Arterial supply:
1. Upper - inferior thyroid artery
2. Middle - aortic branches
Lower - left gastric artery

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19
Q

Oesophageal nerves damaged during surgery

A

Oeseophageal nerves damaged during surgery:
• Recurrent laryngeal
• Superior laryngeal
Phrenic nerve

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20
Q

Co-prescribe with LT steroids?

A

• Bisphosphonates
• PPI
Aspirin

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21
Q

child psych history taking how to?

A 
• Psych hx from child
	• Psych hx from parents
	• Psych hx from school
	• MSE of child
Explore relationship between child and parents.
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22
Q

Qs to differentiate diagnosis in child psych?

A

• Alcohol intake during pregnancy? - ADHD
• Family hx of ADHD? - ADHD
Socialise with others? - Autism

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23
Q

Prognosis of hip fractures in elderly

A

25% mortality in 1 year

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24
Q

Drug Contraindications in asthma

A

Adenosine, NSAIDs, Beta blockers

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25
Complication of supracondylar fracture?
• Complication - brachial artery injury | Results in volkmans contracture - Permanent flexion of wrist
26
What is rockall score and components?
``` Acute Haemoptysis due to Upper GI bleed: • Rockall score for prognosis: ○ Age ○ Shock ○ Comorbs ○ Diagnosis Evidence of bleeding ```
27
INR required for surgery for warfarinised pts?
less than 1.5
28
Young pt with 1 off micro hematuria. Ix?
Reassure
29
Old man with micro hematuria. Ix?
PSA
30
If lump in throat moves with tongue out?
thyroglossal cyst
31
3 differentials if lump in throat moves on swallowing
goitre, thyroglossal cyst, branchial cyst
32
Most common complication of anterior dislocation?
Re-dislocaiton in future.
33
Absolute and relative contrindication for renal transplant?
Absolute - malignancy, persistent alcohol abuse | Relative - chronic liver disease, treated malignancy
34
Pt with kidney organ rejection is at risk of?
Graft host disease, HTN
35
S&S of cauda equina
Fecal + urinary incontinence, severe back pain and leg pain, gait disturbance, saddle anasthesia, sexual dysfunction
36
Lifestyle advice for eczema?
Avoid wool, have cotton clothing, avoid scratching, stay away from allergens, dont use soap
37
Detox drug for alcoholics and advice with it?
Chlordiazepoxide - Need to wean off drug as sudden stopping can cause withdrawal symptoms.
38
Symptoms of hyperventilation
Parasthesia, palpitations, dyspnoea, choking sensation, dizziness
39
Anxiety symptoms
Hyperventilation, dry mouth, palpitations, sweating, N&V
40
Red eye in ankylosing spondylitis?
Uveitis
41
Cubital tunnel syndrome sx?
Compression of ulnar nerve - tingling in 4th and 5th finger. Worse when elbow resting on firm surface or flexed for extended periods.
42
Cubital tunnel ix?
USS of cubital tunnel. EMG (electromyography)
43
Which MSK condition associated with UC?
Ankylosing spondylitis
44
Acute confusion in withdrawal of alcohol cause and tx?
Delirium tremens. Thiamine, chlordiazepoxide, haloperidol
45
How does alcohol make CNS more excitable?
alcohol causes downregulation of GABAR therefore less inhib receptors and CNS hyper-excitable
46
Causes of bronchiectasis
pneumonia, TB, AIDS, CF, Kartagener, whooping cough
47
Main function of biceps?
Supination of forearm.
48
2 muscles which aid in supination?
brachialis and brachioradialis
49
how would you manage biceps tendon rupture
analgesia + surgical tendon repair
50
Long term effects of biceps tendon rupture
pain in biceps, reduced strength in flexion and supination
51
2 ways to repair a hernia
suture repair, laparascopic mesh repair, open mesh repair
52
2 complications of hernia repiar
recurrence, SSI, chronic pain
53
2 things to confirm a hernia?
reducability, cough impulse
54
Tx of venous ulcer?
conservative - exercise, elevate legs, emollient for eczema. | Surgery - ablate varicose veins
55
Hardened skin in venous ulcer?
lipodermatosclerosis
56
Ix for chronic limb ischemia?
ABPI, doppler USS, CVS risk assessment (lipids)
57
environmental RFs for ADHD
Premature birth, Prenatal tobacco, non intact family, FHx of antisocial behaviour
58
Name 3 hypoglycemics and their mechanisms
Metformin - Reduce liver gluconeogenesis and increase insulin sensitivity SGLT2 inhibitor - inhibits glucose reuptake in kidneys Sulfonylureas - Increase insulin sensitivity and insulin release.
59
Tx of Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
• LMWH • Saline fluids • Replace potassium ONLY USE INSULIN IF BM NOT FALLING WITH ABOVE
60
Possible complications of pneumonia
Sepsis, pleurisy, lung abscess
61
3 public health measures to treat TB
Contact tracing, Ensuring adherence with directly observed therapy, reminder letters and texts
62
5 things to arranging a blood transfusion?
Group and save + cross match. Ensure correct pt and blood package. Does pt need irradiated or CMV negative blood?
63
Methotrexate monitoring?
FBC, LFT, U&E
64
Which Hep most associated with travelers?>
Hep A
65
Most common Hep in the world and in the UK?
UK - Hep C | World - Hep B
66
Tx of prolapsed disc
Physio, analgesia, exercises
67
What dose of adrenaline for cardiac arrest and for anaphylaxis
500mcg - anaphylaxis | Cardiac arrest - 1mg
68
Specific complications of THR
Dislocated, bleeding, fracture of bone, DVT, infection
69
Surgical intervention for pancreatitis and gastric ulcer
Ulcer - clipping of blood vessels | Pancreatitis - ERCP
70
SSRI side effects
Increase risk of suicide, Serotonin syndrome, Insomnia, Dry mouth
71
OCD sx?
Frequently perform tasks to seek relief from obsession related anxiety
72
Tx of psoriasis - 2 topical 1 oral
topical - calcitriol, steroids | oral - methotrexate
73
2 rheum causes of raynauds
SLE, RA, sjogrens
74
2 complications of scleroderma causing SOB
HF, ILD, esophageal dysmotility leading to aspiration pneumonia
75
4 drugs causing lung disease
Trimethoprim, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, nitrofurantoin
76
3 things to determine severity of UC
blood in stool? Amount of times going to toilet? Systemic symptoms?
77
3 extra intestinal manifestations of UC?
Arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
78
Chronic deformity seen in supracondylar fracture?
Gunstock deformity
79
Risks of BAL
Risk of aspiration pneumonia, pneumonitis, pneumothorax
80
common causes of frank haematuria
renal stones, UTI, ATN, renal cell carcinoma, BPH, pyelonephritis
81
What other organ would polycystic kidney affect and patho?
Liver - genetic
82
MoA of digoxin?
Positive ionotropy by increasing amount of calcium in cells. slows conduction through AV node.
83
Management of digoxin OD
IV fluids, activated charcoal, digoxin immune fab
84
BP targets for diabetics and non diabetics
``` Clinic Targets: • Non Diabetic: ○ <80 - <140/90 ○ >80 - <150/90 • Diabetic: ○ No organ damage - 140/80 ○ Organ damage - 130/80 ```
85
Imaging order for cancers
Xray, CT, Biopsy
86
How would you manage SIADH?
Treat underlying, fluid restrict
87
Ix for nerve problems
Xray and nerve conduction study
88
Tx of aortic stenosis
replace or balloon valvuloplasty or treat HF secondary to stenosis
89
Antibody most specific for SLE Antibody most sensitive Monitoring for SLE
specific - anti-SM Sensitive - ANA Complement 3+4 - monitoring
90
Sign of compartment syndrome?
Pain out of proportion to injury
91
2 complications of hep c
cirrhosis, hcc
92
Hep c tx and ADR
interferon and ribavirin - fever, fatigue
93
3 things other than bloods as pre op assessment
blood pressure, ECG, CXR, height and weight
94
Test to do prior to treating venous insufficiency and what reading needed?
ABPI more than 0.8
95
Indications for hemodialysis
AEIOU - Acidosis, Electrolytes, Intoxication (esp lithium), Overload of fluid, Uremia
96
HTN non pharm treatment
Low salt diet, do exercise, reduce caffeine, less alcohol, balanced diet
97
Diagnosis of pituitary adenoma
Hormone levels and MRI pituitary gland
98
Most common finding for PE?
Tachypnoea
99
Name 2 types of xray shoulder views
axillary, Y view

Z IPE Past Papers (1 decks)

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