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Occupational Therapy Assistant > Mental Health Study Guide > Flashcards

Mental Health Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Used by the ego to control impulses & organize actions in a way that leads to compromise among the id, the superego, & the demands of reality…

A

Defense mechanisms of theory of object relations / ego psychology

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2
Q

Defend against overwhelming anxiety & other uncomfortable feelings is a…

A

Defense mechanisms of theory of object relations / ego psychology

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3
Q

Name the developers of object relations / ego psychology.

A
  • S. Freud
  • Adler
  • Sullivan
  • Winnicott
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4
Q

Ability of the ego to resolve unconscious processes in such a way that the person can relate positively to other people & can take an interest in her/his non-human environment is…

A

Theory of Object relations / ego psychology

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5
Q

Breakdown of ego functions so that a person’s behavior is dominated by anxiety & unconscious processes is…

A

Mental illness / dysfunction according to the theory of object relations / ego psychology

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6
Q

Name the intervention process for the theory of object relations / ego psychology.

A

Bring unconscious conflicts to consciousness & make person aware of them.

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7
Q

What is the technique when using theory of object relations / ego psychology?

A

Analysis of symbols (e.g., dreams, activities)

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8
Q

Refusing to believe something that causes anxiety is…

A

Denial

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9
Q

Believing that an unacceptable feeling of one’s won belongs to someone else is…

A

Projection

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10
Q

Making excuses for unacceptable behavior of feelings is…

A

Rationalization

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11
Q

Conflicts turned into real physical symptoms is…

A

Conversion

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12
Q

Functioning at a more primitive developmental level than previously; going back to an immature pattern of behavior is…

A

Regression

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13
Q

Trying to reverse the effects of what one has done by doing the opposite is…

A

Undoing

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14
Q

Overestimating someone or valuing him or her more than the real personality & person seem to merit is…

A

Idealization

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15
Q

Adopting the habits or characteristics of another person is…

A

Identification

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16
Q

Unacceptable wishes channeled into socially acceptable activities is…

A

Sublimation

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17
Q

A realistic goal or object substituted for one that cannot be achieved is…

A

Substitution

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18
Q

Efforts to make up for personal deficits; this can also be a conscious effort represents…

A

Compensation

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19
Q

A mother plans for her child who is mentally retarded to be a doctor is an example of…

A

Denial

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20
Q

A self-isolating Pt in a work group says that other Pts will not talk to him is an example of…

A

Projection

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21
Q

A teenager says he didn’t do his homework because he didn’t have the right kind of paper is an example of…

A

Rationalization

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22
Q

A girl with poor coordination gets a migraine headache when it is time for volleyball is an example of…

A

Conversion

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23
Q

A 7-year-old child who is hospitalized for major surgery begins to walk on tiptoes & suck his thumb is an example of…

A

Regression

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24
Q

A Pt accuses the therapist of trying to run his life. Later he brings her flowers is an example of…

A

Undoing

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25
Q

A woman says that the group leader is the most handsome & kindest man in the world is an example of…

A

Idealization

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26
Q

A teenage girl begins to wear her hair just like her therapy does is an example of…

A

Identification

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27
Q

A child who wants to cut things up to see how they work grows up to become a surgeon is an example of…

A

Substitution

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28
Q

A woman, blind from birth, learns to travel without a cane or any other aid is an example of…

A

Compensation

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29
Q

Name the 6 contributors of the various versions developmental theory.

A
  • Erikson
  • Piaget
  • Gesell
  • Jung
  • Levinson
  • Kohlberg
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30
Q

The ability to master developmental tasks in stage-specific sequence represents which theory?

A

Developmental Theory

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31
Q

A discrepancy between a person’s behavior & the behavior expected of a person of that age; developmental lag represents…

A

Mental illness / dysfunction according to Developmental Theory

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32
Q

Placing a person in situations structured to encourage growth in the deficient area is the…

A

Intervention process for Developmental Theory

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33
Q

Name the techniques for Developmental Theory.

A
  • Gradation of learning
  • Problem solving
  • Acquiring skills
  • Matching situation to abilities & interests while providing the “just enough” challenge
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34
Q

Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for basic trust v/s mistrust?

A

Birth - 18 months

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35
Q

Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for autonomy v/s shame & doubt?

A

2-4 years

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36
Q

Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for iniative versus guilt?

A

3-5 years

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37
Q

Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for industry v/s inferiority?

A

6-12 years

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38
Q

Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for identity v/s role confusion?

A

Adolescence

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39
Q

Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for intimacy v/s isolation?

A

Young adult

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40
Q

Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for generativity v/s stagnation?

A

Middle adulthood

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41
Q

Based upon Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development, what is the approximate age for ego integrity v/s despair?

A

Old age

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42
Q

Name the 3 contributors for behavioral theory.

A
  • Pavlov
  • Skinner
  • Lazarus
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43
Q

The ability to engage in adaptive or normal behavior is based upon…

A

Behavioral theory

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44
Q

Abnormal behavior that results because normal or adaptive behavior is not rewarded or does not have pleasurable consequences or because maladaptive behavior is reinforced represents…

A

Mental illness / dysfunction according to behavioral theory

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45
Q

Name the techniques for behavioral theory.

A
  • Continuous reinforcement
  • Intermittent reinforcement
  • Shaping
  • Backward chaining
  • Forward chaining
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46
Q

Name step 1 in a behavioral tx program.

A

Identify the terminal behavior

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47
Q

Name step 2 in a behavioral tx program.

A

Determine the baseline by counting the frequency of the behavior

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48
Q

Name step 3 in a behavioral tx program.

A

Select a method of counting & recording the behavior

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49
Q

Name step 4 in a behavioral tx program.

A

Select a reinforcer that is meaninful to the patient

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50
Q

Name step 5 in a behavioral tx program.

A

Determine a schedule of reinforcement

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51
Q

Name the contributors to cognitive-behavioral therapy.

A
  • Beck
  • Ellis
  • Bandura
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52
Q

Adaptive behavior results from what we think & believe represents…

A

Cognitive-behavioral theory

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53
Q

Maladaptive patterns of thinking lead to unsuccessful behaviors represents…

A

Mental / illness for Cognitive-behavioral theory

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54
Q

Helping the person understand & change negative thought patterns & beliefs represent the…

A

Intervention process for Cognitive-behavioral theory

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55
Q

Name the techniques of Cognitive-behavioral theory.

A
  • Challenging & modifying negative, automatic thoughts & their underlying assumptions
  • Identify behaviors, Investigate consequences
  • Evaluate their effectiveness
  • Systematic desensitization
  • Cognitive rehearsal
  • Self monitoring
  • Reattribution
  • Bibliotherapy
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56
Q

Name the contributors for client-centered therapy / humanistic theory.

A
  • Rogers
  • May
  • Perls
  • Maslow
  • Yalom
  • White
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57
Q

The ability to freely choose & act because one is aware of one’s feelings & the possible consequences of an action represents…

A

Client-centered therapy / humanistic theory

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58
Q

Acting in a confused, disorganized, or maladaptive way because one is unaware of feelings & available choices represents…

A

Mental illness / dysfunction according to client-centered therapy / humanistic theory

59
Q

Engage the person in a therapeutic relationship which provides the person with unconditional positive regard from someone who is warm & empathetic so that the client’s self-perception changes represents the…

A

Intervention process for client-centered therapy / humanistic theory

60
Q

Name the techniques for client-centered therapy / humanistic theory.

A
  • Open invitation to talk
  • Minimal response
  • Reflection of feelings
  • Paraphrasing
  • Withholding judgment
61
Q

Normal human functioning requires a brain that is anatomically normal, with neurophysiology & brain chemistry represents…

A

Neuroscientific theory

62
Q

A defect in the brain’s anatomy or physiology represents…

A

Illness according to Neuroscientific theory

63
Q

What is the intervention process for Neuroscientific theory?

A
  • Tx must be directed at the brain itself

- Change abnormal somatic conditions through somatic interventions

64
Q

What is the focus of psychiatric rehabilitation?

A

Help the person with mental illness function optimally in his/her life situation.

65
Q

Name the intervention process for Neuroscientific theory.

A
  • Develop rehabilitation diagnosis
  • Develop overall rehabilitation goals
  • Evaluate functional skills needed for anticipated living environment
  • Assess available resources for community support
  • Identify skill & resource strengths & deficits
  • Formulate rehabilitation plan
  • Enact rehabilitation plan
  • Assess rehabilitation readiness
66
Q

Name the intervention techniques for Neuroscientific theory.

A
  • Developing functional skills

- Environmental modifications to maximize functional use of skills

67
Q

Name the contributors for Neuroscientific theory.

A
  • Anthony

- Farkas

68
Q

Name the author of the development adaptive skills theory.

A

Mosey

69
Q

The ability to receive, select, combine, & use information from the vestibular, tactile, & propioceptive senses to perform functional activities is…

A

Sensory integration

70
Q

The ability to perceive, represent, & organize sensory information for thinking & problem solving is…

A

Cognitive

71
Q

The ability to participate in a variety of relationships involving one other person is…

A

Dyadic interaction

72
Q

The ability to participate successfully in a variety of groups as a productive & supportive member of the group is…

A

Group interaction

73
Q

The ability to recognize one’s own assets & limitations also, ability to perceive oneself as worthwhile, self directed, consistent, & reliable is…

A

Self-identity

74
Q

The ability to accept one’s sexual nature as natural & pleasurable also, ability to participate in a relatively long-term sexual relationship that considers the need for both partners is…

A

Sexual identity

75
Q

The 6 areas of Mosey’s adaptive skills are:

A
  • Sensory integration
  • Cognitive
  • Dyadic interaction
  • Group interaction
  • Self-identity
  • Sexual identity
76
Q

Who developed the role acquisition theory?

A

Mosey

77
Q

Name the 3 purposes of role acquisition.

A

1- Help Pt acquire specific skills to function in occupational & social roles chosen
2- Help Pt develop awareness of what he/she does & why
3- Help Pt develop awareness of expectations of different environmental contexts

78
Q

Name the contributors of Psychoeducation.

A

Lillie & Armstrong

79
Q

Name the purpose of psychoeducation.

A

Improve the skills of Pt through use of an educational approach.

80
Q

For the intervention process of psychoeducation, name the responsibilities of the OTP & Pt.

A
  • OTP prepares a syllabus

- Client assumes student role

81
Q

Helping the Pt learn interpersonal skills needed to relate to others effectively in a variety situations in order to help the Pt get what he needs &/or wants is…

A

Social skills training

82
Q

Stating feelings & opinions, positive things about oneself, & one’s values & beliefs is…

A

Self-expressive

83
Q

Giving compliments & encouragement, smiling, expressing interest, & giving support is known as…

A

Other-enhancing

84
Q

Making requests, questioning another’s behavior, & setting limits on another’s aggressiveness is being…

A

Assertive

85
Q

Controlling the tone & quality of one’s voice, articulating words clearly, & choosing the proper words for a situation is…

A

Communication

86
Q

Name the 4 generic classifications of social skills training.

A
  • Self-expressive
  • Other-enhancing
  • Assertive
  • Communication
87
Q

Identifying the behavior to be learned & explaining why it is important represents…

A

Motivation

88
Q

Showing the Pt how the behavior is performed is…

A

Demonstration

89
Q

Rehearsing the desired behavior by talking it through or by acting it out is…

A

Practice

90
Q

Summarizing what the person has learned & focusing attention on what is to be learned next is…

A

Feedback

91
Q

Name the phases/stages of a training session for Social skills training.

A
  • Motivation
  • Demonstration
  • Practice
  • Feedback
92
Q

Name the contributors for sensory integration theory.

A

King & Ayres

93
Q

To improve the reception & processing of sensory information within the central nervous system is the purpose of…

A

Sensory integration

94
Q

What does sensory integration focus on?

A
  • Balance
  • Posture
  • Increased ROM
  • Spontaneity of movement
  • Correction of abnormal adduction, flexion, & internal rotation
95
Q

What are the preferred tx methods for sensory integration?

A
  • Vestibular stimulation & gross motor exercises
  • Tasks incorporating gross motor movements
  • Pleasurable activities that do not require conscious attention to body movement
96
Q

Name the contributors for the cognitive disabilities theory.

A
  • Allen
  • Blue
  • Earhart
97
Q

Name the 3 purposes of cognitive disabilities theory.

A
  • Identify the cognitive level of functioning through evaluation.
  • Monitor changes in cognitive level as a result of tx
  • Adapt the environment to help the person compensate for or accommodate disability.
98
Q

Level 1 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…

A

Automatic actions

99
Q

Level 2 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…

A

Postural actions

100
Q

Level 3 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…

A

Manual actions

101
Q

Level 4 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…

A

Goal directed actions

102
Q

Level 5 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…

A

Exploratory actions

103
Q

Level 6 of Allen’s cognitive levels represents…

A

Planned actions

104
Q

Name the preferred tx methods for cognitive disabilities theory.

A
  • Task modification
  • Environmental modification
  • Varying level of assistance & therapeutic approach for levels of disability incompatible w/ independent fucntioning
105
Q

What is the purpose of classifying the various cognitive levels?

A

The 6 level system classifies the Pt’s ability to perform routine tasks needed for successful community adjustment.

106
Q

Name the developers for the lifestyle performance theory.

A

Fidler & Velde

107
Q

To define the quality of life & dimensions of wellness from the OT perspective represents the…

A

Lifestyle performance theory

108
Q

The incorporation & support of opportunities for autonomy, individuality, affiliation, volition, consensual validation, predictability, self-efficacy, adventure, accommodation, & reflection describes…

A

Responsive environment for lifestyle performance theory

109
Q

Name the pattern of activities for lifestyle configuration.

A
  • Care for & maintain oneself
  • Provide intrinsic gratification
  • Contribute to society
  • Incorporate reciprocal interpersonal relatedness
110
Q

Specifically focuses on describing self care/ self maintenance skills, social / interpersonal skills, work / work related skills & leisure interests & skills represent…

A

Lifestyle performance theory

111
Q
  • To analyze & describe the development of occupational behavior
  • consider roles of culture & environment in shaping occupation
  • consider health maintaining & restoring aspects of activity
A

Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)

112
Q

Name the developers of the model of human occupation theory.

A
  • Kielhofner
  • Burke
  • Barris
113
Q

According to MOHO, are humans an open or closed & dynamic or stagnant system?

A

Open & dynamic system

114
Q

According to MOHO, taking action is known as…

A

Output

115
Q

According to MOHO, information available from the environment is known as…

A

Feedback

116
Q

According to MOHO, actively taking in energy or information from the environment is known as…

A

Intake

117
Q

According to MOHO, the process of turning environment intake & feedback into action is known as…

A

Throughput

118
Q

Particular patterns that increase one’s capacity for continued engagement in the occupation is due to…

A

Self organizing nature of occupation

119
Q

Name the 3 sub-systems of MOHO.

A
  • Volition
  • Habituation
  • Performance capacity
120
Q

Relates to what motivates the Pt to choose one occupation over another & the reason for doing so is known as…

A

Volition

121
Q

Name the 3 subcategories of volition.

A
  • Personal causation
  • Values
  • Interests
122
Q

Belief in oneself; feelings of competence is…

A

Personal causation

123
Q

Meaningfulness of activities thought to be good or morally right is…

A

Values

124
Q

Tendency to find an occupation attractive & pleasurable is…

A

Interests

125
Q

Relates to patterns & routines for performing activities throughout the day refers to…

A

Habituation

126
Q

Routine or typical ways a Pt performs tasks are known as…

A

Habits

127
Q

Positions or status a person has within a social group; includes a related cluster of obligations, expectations, attitudes, & actions…

A

Internalized roles

128
Q

Relates to human capacities needed to organize information & take action…

A

Performance capacity

129
Q

Capacities needed to convey one’s intentions & needs while coordinating social behavior needed to act in conjunction w/ other people is…

A

Communication / interacition skills

130
Q

Capacities needed to move & interact w/ task, objects, & environments is…

A

Perceptual motor skills

131
Q

Capacities that allow Pts to manage & modify actions during completion of ADLs is

A

Process skills

132
Q

Name the environmental influences on occupational adaptation.

A
  • Affordances

- Presses

133
Q

Opportunities & resources within a range of possibilities are known as…

A

Affordances

134
Q

Demands & constraints for specific performance expectations & behaviors are…

A

Presses

135
Q

Affordances & presses may be part of the physical or social environments, or both?

A

Both

136
Q

Clinical disorders and other conditions that may be focus of clinical attention (depression & anxiety disorders).

A

Axis 1

137
Q

Personality disorders, mental retardation (borderline personality disorder & schizotypal personality disorder)

A

Axis 2

138
Q

General medical disorders (psychological reactions)

A

Axis 3

139
Q

Psychosocial & environmental problems

A

Axis 4

140
Q

Global assessment of functioning (level of function & assessment)

A

Axis 5

141
Q

Axis 1

A
  • Depression
  • Anxiety disorders
  • Bipolar disorder
  • ADHD
  • Schizophrenia
142
Q

Axis 2

A
  • Borderline personality disorder
  • Schizotypal personality disorder
  • Antisocial personality disorder
  • Narcissistic personality disorder
  • Mild mental retardation
143
Q

What physical problems may axis 3 represent?

A

May evoke psychological reactions

144
Q

Axis 4

A
  • Educational / occupational problems
  • Housing problems
  • Economic problems
  • Problems w/ access to healthcare / legal system

Occupational Therapy Assistant (30 decks)

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