2.01 Embryology

Question 1

The sex cycle is controlled by what part of the brain

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

GnHR acts on what part of the pituitary gland

Answer 2

Adenohypophysis

Question 3

Role of GnHR

Answer 3

stimulation of adenohypophysis leading to secretion of gonadotropin

Question 4

Hormones that stimulate and control cyclic changes in the ovary

Answer 4

Follicle-stimulating hormones & Leuteinizing hormones

Question 5

T/F - FSH is needed by the follicle to promote development

Answer 5

Fales

The hormone is not needed for development but without it the follicle will die and become atretic

Question 6

Formation that occurs upon degeneration of a follicular cell and replacement by connective tissue

Answer 6

Corpus atreticum

Question 7

T/F - FSH stimulates the maturation of the granulose layer surrounding the oocyte

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Proliferation of the Granulosa cells are mediated by

Answer 8

Growth differentiation factor 9

Question 9

At what follicular phase is there an increase in LH

Answer 9

Vesicular follicle

Question 10

The LH surge leads to what reaction in the oocyte

Answer 10

completion of Meiosis I and initiation of Meiosis II

Question 11

The completion of Meiosis I means that the follicle is at what stage of development

Answer 11

preovulatory mature vesicular stage

Question 12

At what point in Meiosis II is the oocyte arrested

Answer 12

Metaphase

Question 13

LH surge also causes an increase in prostaglandin levels - this will lead to?

Answer 13

local muscular contractions in the ovarian wall allowing to extrusion of the oocyte and granulose cells

Question 14

The extruded oocyte and granulose cells are termed

Answer 14

cumulus oophorus

Question 15

Corona radiate is formed by / arises from

Answer 15

the cumulus oophorus cells (granular portion) that arrange themselves around the bona pellucida

Question 16

Fate of the theca and ruptured follicular wall

Answer 16

vascularised and become the corpus lute

Question 17

The change from theca to leptin cells is stimulated by what hormone

Answer 17

LH

Question 18

Corpus lute secretes what

Answer 18

Estrogen and Progesterione

Question 19

Role of Progesterone

Answer 19

Causes the uterine mucosa to enter the protestation or secretor stage

Question 20

What causes the movement of the oocyte to the uterine tube

Answer 20

fimbriae and cilia on the epithelial lining

Question 21

Fate of the corpus luteum if fertilisation did not occur

Answer 21

Shrinking becoming the corpus albicans

Question 22

Decrease of this hormone leads to precipitating menstrual bleeding

Answer 22

progesterone

Question 23

This hormone prevents the degeneration of corpus lute upon oocyte fertilisation

Answer 23

human chronic gonadotropin

Question 24

another name for the corpus lute of pregnancy

Answer 24

corpus lutem graviditatis

Question 25

At what month does the corpus lute cease secretion of progesterone

Answer 25

4th month onwards

Question 26

At the cessation of progesterone secretion by the corpus lute, what takes over

Answer 26

placentae

Question 27

removal of this structure before the 4th month of development leads to abortion

Answer 27

corpus lutem

Question 28

Sperm movement from the cervix to the uterine tube is mainly controlled by

Answer 28

muscular contractions of the uterus

Question 29

T/F - the sperm will become motile at ovulation

Answer 29

True | due to chemoattractants produced by cumulus cells surround the egg

Question 30

Period of condition undergone by the sperm in the female reproductive tract

Answer 30

capacitation

Question 31

capacitation involves

Answer 31

epithelial interactions between the sperm and mucosal surface of the tube - removal of glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins

Question 32

Once the sperm binds to the zona pellucida a reaction occurs that is induced by bona protein release

Answer 32

acrosomal reaction

Question 33

3 passes of fertilisation

Answer 33

(1) penetration of corona radiata, (2) penetration of corona pellucida (3) fusion go oocyte and sperm cell membrane

Question 34

Zona protein that is involved in the acrosomal reaction

Answer 34

ZP3

Question 35

Enzyme releasing structure on the oocyte membrane that causes a change in the cell membrane permeability of the oocyte

Answer 35

cortical granules

Question 36

T/F - integrin: male as disintegrin: female

Answer 36

Fales | integrin: female as disintegrin: male

Question 37

the prevent of further sperm penetration and inactivation of species-specific receptor site

Answer 37

zona reaction

Question 38

When blastomere cells form balls held together by tight junctions

Answer 38

compaction

Question 39

formation that occurs 3 days after fertilisation

Answer 39

morula

Question 40

T/F: inner cell mass: embryo proper - placenta as outer cell mass:trophoblast

Answer 40

False | Inner cell blast: embryo proper as outer cell mass: trophoblast - placentae

Question 41

Area at which fluid penetrates the morula

Answer 41

zona pellucida

Question 42

cavity formed by fluid penetration

Answer 42

blastocele

Question 43

Fate of the inner and outer embryo mass

Answer 43

inner: embryo blast - migrate to one pole outer: flatten and form the epithelium of the blastocyst note: zona pellucida disappears

Question 44

Phase that is under the influence of estrogen (endometrium)

Answer 44

Proliferative phase

Question 45

Phase that is under the influence of prgesterone

Answer 45

Secretory phase

Question 46

In the case of fertilisation this layer of the uterus contributes to form the placentae

Answer 46

Endometrium

Question 47

3 Layers of the endometrium

Answer 47

(1) compact, (2) spongey (3) basal layer

Question 48

Layer(s) of the endometrium that are expelled from the uterus

Answer 48

(1) compact, (2) spongey

Question 49

Layer that is supplied by it's own arteries (name of those artieries

Answer 49

Basal layer - basal arteries