2010-2023 Definition Of Terms Flashcards
1
Q
What is the suitable program required for every construction project?
A
Construction Safety and Health Program
It must be in accordance with rules and orders issued by the DOLE.
2
Q
What is the process of injecting an agent into soil or rock to increase stability called?
A
Grouting
3
Q
What is the term for an increase in soil density due to the expulsion of water from void spaces?
A
Consolidation
4
Q
What does the term ‘hardness’ measure in materials?
A
Ability to resist indentation or penetration
5
Q
List the elements to consider when planning National Roads.
A
- Limited frontage access
- Development set well back from the highway
- Access via provincial roads
- Minimized number of intersections
- Suitable at grade-channelized intersections
- No roadside vendors
6
Q
What is the correct step by step process for finishing standard weight concrete slabs?
A
- Bleeding
- Screeding
- Leveling
- Edging
- Jointing
- Floating
- Troweling
- Broom Finishing
7
Q
What is the basic lane width appropriate for national road?
A
3.35 m
8
Q
What is the term for the berth structure projecting out from the shoreline?
A
Wharf
9
Q
What is the capacity requirement for scaffoldings?
A
At least 4 times its own weight
10
Q
What are the three essential elements of highway design referred to as?
A
Driving Task
11
Q
What is the method of protecting employees from cave-ins in excavations called?
A
Protective System
12
Q
What is the bucket load capacity in relation to excavators?
A
Volume contained within the bucket
13
Q
What signs inform road users about directions and distances?
A
Guide Signs
14
Q
What provides detailed requirements for materials, equipment, and workmanship in a project?
A
Specifications
15
Q
What time scheduling should be considered in the preparation of a PERT CPM network diagram?
A
All of the above
16
Q
What is the measure of a material’s ability to dissipate mechanical vibrations?
A
Damping Capacity
17
Q
What is the term for a drawing with elevation as its vertical axis?
A
Profile
18
Q
What is a formal agreement between two parties called?
A
Contract
19
Q
What is an informal group discussion focusing on safety issues called?
A
Toolbox Meeting
20
Q
What occurs after the completion of construction involving punch list and commissioning issues?
A
Profile
21
Q
What is the term for structures used to support building loads by transferring them to deeper soil layers?
A
Piles
22
Q
What is the timing of signals in relation to each other for vehicle flow called?
A
Signal Coordination
23
Q
What is the type of lane marking designed to warn motorists?
A
Rumble Strip
24
Q
What is the key property of materials selected for harbor and coastal construction?
A
Resistance to Cyclical Impact Loading
25
What is the expected number of production in statistical terms?
Mean
26
What is the ideal road capacity in vehicles per hour?
2000
27
What is the process of maintaining favorable conditions for concrete after placement?
Curing
28
What are waves formed by the wind across the water surface called?
Gravity Waves
29
What is an application of hot bitumen material to provide adhesion in road surfaces?
Tack Coat
30
What is the procedure for measuring Zenith angle?
* Level the instrument
* Direct sight with horizontal crosshair
* Read and record the direct vertical angle
* Reverse sight with horizontal crosshair
31
What is the probability that a person will be harmed if exposed to a hazard called?
Risk
32
What is the single most important environmental factor in coastal engineering?
Coastal Erosion
33
What is the difference between actual travel time and ideal travel time called?
Delay
34
What are written instructions detailing how a facility is to be constructed?
Specifications
35
What is the bulk composition of concrete?
* Portland Cement
* Aggregates
* Water
36
What is wearing away of pavement surface due to dislodging of particles called?
Raveling
37
What is the term for cracks approximately at right angles to the pavement centerline?
Transverse Cracking
38
What is the term for the interval when the highest tide occurs after new and full moon?
Age of Tides
39
What is the term for measures of congestion in highway capacity?
Density
40
What happens to a wave generated in deep water when it reaches shoaling waters?
Changes in height and length but period remains constant
41
What is the measure of a material’s ability to withstand cyclic stresses?
Fatigue Resistance
42
What is the process of leveling a floor or layer of concrete with a straight edge called?
Screeding
43
What are the characteristics of the road environment that affect safety sight distance?
* Road Geometry
* Road Surface
* Road Illumination
* Road Topography
44
What are the characteristics of vehicles that affect safety sight distance?
* Type of vehicles
* Friction between the tire and road
* Eye height of the driver
* Speed of vehicle
45
What happens to the speed and flow rate at a certain point?
Increase speeds and reduced flow rate
## Footnote
The point is reached at which speed declines noticeably.
46
What is the minimum running speed and traffic flow?
Running speed and traffic flow is minimum
47
When a wave generated in deep water reaches shoaling waters, what changes occur?
Changes in height and length; period will remain constant
48
What is the chance that Players A and B will be even at no time during the game?
[N n] / 2N
49
What is a wind wave system called when directly generated and affected by local winds?
Wind Sea
50
What is the process of proportioning cement, water, aggregates, and additives before mixing concrete called?
Batching
51
What is the maximum wave height and wave period in a wave train called?
Significant Wave
52
What type of signs convey messages for regulating, warning, or guiding traffic?
Traffic Signs
53
Which is not a characteristic of contour?
Contours on the ground can cross another
54
What is the standard shape generally used for guide signs?
Rectangle
55
What percentage of tide of water level is safe for ships' depth of berth?
95%
56
Which are the true procedures in measuring zenith angle?
* Level the instrument
* Direct sight with vertical cross hair
* Reverse sight with horizontal cross hair
* Read and record to reversed vertical angle
57
What is the maximum number of vehicles expected to pass over a given section of a lane in one hour called?
Road Capacity
58
What type of signs warn road users of unexpected or hazardous conditions?
Warning Signs
59
What is the maximum sustained rate of flow expressed in passenger cars per hour per lane called?
Capacity
60
Waves under the influence of the winds that generated them are called what?
Sea
61
In a baseball practice, who has greater displacement, the player or the ball?
The ball has a greater displacement traveled compared to the player
62
What is the purpose of installing edge lines?
To delineate the edge of the travelled way to distinguish it from the shoulder area
63
What is the least number of links that must be disengaged from a 23-link chain to obtain any number of links?
3
64
What should always be shown on site plans for orientation purposes?
North Directions
65
What is the primary consideration in the design of geometric cross sections for highways?
Drainage
66
What is the ratio of wave height to its wavelength called?
Steepness
67
What does MLLW stand for?
Mean Lower Low Water
68
Which of the following statements is true regarding normal curves?
All normal curves are bell-shaped and symmetric
69
Which statement best describes the principles of isosceles and equilateral triangles?
* If two sides of a triangle are congruent, the angle opposite to these sides are congruent
* If two angles of a triangle are congruent, the sides opposite these angles are congruent
* An equilateral triangle is equiangular
* An equiangular triangle is equilateral
70
How many words should messages painted on pavement be limited to?
5 words or less
71
What are four types of pavement and curb markings?
* Longitudinal lines
* Transverse lines
* Transition lines
* Stop lines
72
What is a continuous structure built along the margin of the sea or alongside river banks called?
Wharf
73
What is defined as the number of vehicles per unit distance occupying a section of roadway at a given time?
Density
74
What is a wave at a point where the water depth is equal to ½ the wavelength or greater called?
Significant Wave
75
What is the sample space for selecting three items classified as defective (D) or non-defective (N)?
DNN, NDN, NND, NNN
76
What is the standard water depth of berth for a ship with a draft of 7.5 m?
Standard water depth of berth for ship (-7.5 m) + Design low tide (-0.35 m) = -7.85 m
77
In which cases must lane lines not be continued?
* Across signalized intersections
* Across side street entrances
* Past the start of the taper at which a multilane road narrows down
78
What are the minimum K value vertical curve considerations?
* Sight distance
* Appearance
* Riding comfort
79
What must be considered in the design of overtaking lanes and climbing lanes?
* Initial diverge taper
* Auxiliary lane length
* End or merge taper
80
What is an open water of navigable depth called?
Fairway
81
What is a type of thermoplastic lane marking designed to aid motorists?
Rumble Strips
82
What informs and advises road users of directions and points of interest?
Guide Sign
83
What is any structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coastline called?
Pier
84
What is the weight per unit volume of a liquid at standard temperature and pressure called?
Specific Weight
85
What causes negative skin friction on piles?
All of the above
86
The metacentric height is the distance between which two points?
Center of gravity of the floating body and the center of buoyancy
87
What is the definition of crust?
It is all plants grow
## Footnote
The crust refers to the outermost layer of the Earth where vegetation thrives.
88
What is the specific weight of liquid?
Remains constant at every place
## Footnote
This is a property of liquids that does not change with location.
89
Does the specific weight of liquid vary on other planets?
Does not vary on any other planet
## Footnote
The specific weight of liquids is a characteristic of the liquid itself rather than the planetary conditions.
90
What causes negative skin friction on piles?
All of the above
## Footnote
Negative skin friction can be caused by soft clay, decreases the pile capacity, and is due to relative settlement of soil.
91
What is the metacentric height?
The distance between the metacenter and the center of buoyancy
## Footnote
It is crucial for determining the stability of floating bodies.
92
When the metacenter of a floating body is lower than the center of gravity, the body will be in what state?
Unstable equilibrium
## Footnote
This condition indicates that the floating body will tip over easily.
93
The intensity of vertical stress at a depth due to a point load is directly proportional to what?
Directly proportional to the depth
## Footnote
This relationship helps in understanding stress distribution in soils.
94
What is the shear strength of cohesionless soil proportional to?
Proportional to the tangent of the angle of shearing resistance
## Footnote
This is a key factor in soil mechanics.
95
If the volume of voids is equal to the volume of solids, what is the porosity and void ratio equal to respectively?
0.5 and 1.0
## Footnote
This indicates a balanced soil structure.
96
Where is the metacenter for stable equilibrium?
Above the center of gravity
## Footnote
This positioning ensures stability in floating bodies.
97
Molecules of liquid get attracted to what?
Adhesion
## Footnote
This property is important in understanding liquid behavior.
98
In AASHTO, soil greater than 75 mm is classified as what?
Boulders
## Footnote
This classification is important for engineering and construction purposes.
99
What is the ratio of weight of water to the weight of solid particles called?
Degree of Saturation
## Footnote
This ratio is crucial in soil mechanics.
100
What test is NOT performed in the laboratory?
Vane Test
## Footnote
This test is typically conducted in the field.
101
In what plane can additional stress (deviator stress) affect the shear stress?
Both Vertical and Horizontal Plane
## Footnote
Understanding stress distribution is key in civil engineering.
102
The Shear Strength of a soil is proportional to what?
Is proportional to the tangent of the angle of internal friction
## Footnote
This relationship is vital in soil stability analysis.
103
What device is used to determine the undrained shear strength of the soil?
Shear Vane
## Footnote
This device is essential for evaluating soil strength.
104
What is the most used property in soil properties?
Water Content
## Footnote
This property affects various soil behaviors.
105
What branch of hydraulics studies forces exerted by or upon liquids in motion?
Hydrodynamics
## Footnote
This field is crucial for understanding fluid behavior.
106
What is a sudden drop in shear strength in saturated cohesionless soils called?
Liquefaction
## Footnote
This phenomenon can lead to significant structural issues.
107
A cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the unconfined compression strength is between what values?
0 to 24 kPa
## Footnote
This classification helps in assessing soil stability.
108
According to the National Structural Code of the Philippines, the slope of cut surfaces shall not be steeper than what ratio?
1 to 1.5
## Footnote
This guideline is crucial for safe engineering practices.
109
What happens if the ground water table is at ground level?
Increase in Vertical Pressure
## Footnote
This affects the overall stability of structures.
110
If the ground water table rises due to flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil will?
Decrease
## Footnote
This is critical for foundation design.
111
What does a line joining the points of highest elevation of water in vertical pipes represent?
Hydraulic Head
## Footnote
This is important for understanding fluid pressure in systems.
112
What is a pressure surge caused by a fluid suddenly stopping called?
Water Hammer
## Footnote
This can cause significant damage in hydraulic systems.
113
When is the flow said to be steady?
When the number of particles passing every section of the stream are always equal
## Footnote
This concept is crucial for fluid dynamics.
114
What is the definition of medium granular soil based on blow count?
10 - 30
## Footnote
This classification assists in soil identification.
115
What is not a characteristic of cohesionless soils?
High Shear Strength
## Footnote
Cohesionless soils generally have lower shear strength.
116
What is the maximum unit weight of water at which temperature?
4 ℃
## Footnote
This temperature is crucial for various engineering applications.
117
What principle states that pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted undiminished?
Pascal's Principle
## Footnote
This principle is fundamental in fluid mechanics.
118
The largest grain size that passes a no. 200 sieve is what size?
0.0740 mm
## Footnote
This measurement is important for soil classification.
119
What is the term for flow where path lines of liquid particles are irregular and cross each other?
Turbulent
## Footnote
This type of flow is common in natural water bodies.
120
What is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids in a given volume of soil?
Degree of Saturation
## Footnote
This ratio helps evaluate soil moisture conditions.
121
What happens when there is a lowering of the water table?
There is a decrease of lateral pressure
## Footnote
This affects soil stability and structure support.
122
What is the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of the soil mass called?
Porosity
## Footnote
This is a critical property in geotechnical engineering.
123
What is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solids called?
Void Ratio
## Footnote
This ratio provides insights into soil structure.
124
What is the effective stress at a point below the groundwater table due to upward seepage?
This will cause the decrease of the effective stress at that point
## Footnote
Understanding effective stress is essential in soil mechanics.
125
What is the effect of increasing compaction energy on maximum dry density?
The dry unit weight of soil will increase
## Footnote
This relationship is important in soil compaction practices.
126
What is the retarding force acting opposite a body in motion called?
Kinetic Friction
## Footnote
This force plays a crucial role in motion dynamics.
127
What is the term for the phenomenon that causes a beam to have sudden ultimate structure due to a cycle of stresses?
Fatigue
## Footnote
Fatigue refers to the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads.
128
What is measured by the Richter scale?
Magnitude of Earthquake
## Footnote
The Richter scale quantifies the amount of energy released during an earthquake.
129
How is ground motion measured?
Seismometer
## Footnote
A seismometer detects and records the vibrations caused by seismic waves.
130
What describes the location of an earthquake besides the epicenter?
Focal Depth
## Footnote
Focal depth refers to the depth at which an earthquake originates below the Earth's surface.
131
Which material property describes a composite material with elastic properties in one direction different from the perpendicular direction?
Orthotropic
## Footnote
Orthotropic materials have different properties along three mutually perpendicular axes.
132
What is liquefaction?
A sudden drop in the Shear Strength of a soil
## Footnote
Liquefaction can occur during an earthquake when saturated soil substantially loses strength.
133
What refers to the rigidity of a structure?
Reciprocal of Deflection
## Footnote
Rigidity is the ability of a structure to resist deformation.
134
Identify the point through which the resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force acts.
Center of Rigidity
## Footnote
The center of rigidity is crucial for understanding how structures respond to lateral forces.
135
What refers to the flexibility of a structure?
Reciprocal of Rigidity
## Footnote
Flexibility indicates how much a structure can deform under load.
136
What type of story has a lateral stiffness less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above?
Soft Story
## Footnote
Soft stories are vulnerable to collapse during seismic events.
137
Identify the distance between the center of rigidity and center of mass.
Eccentricity
## Footnote
Eccentricity is important for analyzing the stability of structures under load.
138
Which material property refers to the ability to absorb energy in the Plastic Range?
Toughness
## Footnote
Toughness is a measure of a material's ability to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.
139
What describes the ability of a material to regain its original dimensions when the load is removed?
Elasticity
## Footnote
Elasticity is a fundamental property of materials that allows them to return to their original shape after deformation.
140
What is the term for the ability of a material to deform in the plastic range without breaking?
Ductility
## Footnote
Ductility is critical for materials used in structural applications to prevent sudden failure.
141
What force acts opposite a body in motion?
Kinetic Friction
## Footnote
Kinetic friction is the force resisting the motion of two surfaces sliding against each other.
142
What is the term for the property of a material that makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed?
Elasticity
## Footnote
Elasticity is a key property in materials used for structural applications.
143
What principle states that stress is proportional to strain within the Elastic Region?
Hooke's Law
## Footnote
Hooke's Law is foundational in understanding material behavior under load.
144
Which term refers to the force generated by a body at rest?
Static
## Footnote
Static force is crucial in determining equilibrium in structures.
145
What is the term for the value beyond which stress is no longer proportional to strain?
Elastic Limit
## Footnote
The elastic limit indicates the maximum stress that a material can withstand while still returning to its original shape.
