2011 Eastern National Questions

Question 0

What is the name for the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 0

Meninges.

Question 1

What is the name of the organ which is located in the nasal cavity, caudal to the alar cartilages, which is related to social and sexual activities?

Answer 1

Vomeronasal (Voh-mur-o-nasal).

Question 2

Name the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 2

Arachnoid, dura mater, pia mater.

Question 3

What stallion was foaled Illinois in 1895 and was on the male side of more than 20% of all quarter horses prior to 1958?

Answer 3

Peter McCue.

Question 4

Which part of the horse’s digestive system has the greatest capacity?

Answer 4

Large colon.

Question 5

Two part question: what is the name of the world championship show for the Tennessee walking horse and where is it held?

Answer 5

TWH National Celebration, Shelbyville, TN.

Question 6

What metabolic disease is associated with the kidneys, but is not a kidney disease?

Answer 6

Azoturia, Monday morning disease, tying up, exertional myopathy, acute rhabdomyolysis.

Question 7

What breed was the first to represent the United States in the World Pairs Driving Competition?

Answer 7

Morgan.

Question 8

What functions does the lower brain or brainstem control?

Answer 8

Life processes such as respiration, blood pressure, etc.

Question 9

In which part of the heart is the Sinoatrial valve located?

Answer 9

Right atrium.

Question 10

Which hormone maintains the calcium and phosphorus levels?

Answer 10

Parathyroid hormone.

Question 11

Why does the skin continuously shed cells?

Answer 11

No blood supply to epidermis (outer layer) of skin.

Question 12

What type of gene action results in the phenotype of the individual being intermediate between those of either homozygote?

Answer 12

Codominance.

Question 13

What are the three different bones in the horse’s skull that contain the teeth? Which teeth are contained in each bone?

Answer 13

Incisive, maxilla, mandible, upper incisors, upper premolars and molars, all lower teeth - incisors, premolars, and molars.

Question 14

What are the two feeds, or nutrients, required for life by horses in all situations?

Answer 14

Water and forage.

Question 15

What are the two most palatable pasture grasses for horses?

Answer 15

Kentucky bluegrass and Timothy.

Question 16

At what percent crude protein, is a feed considered a protein supplement?

Answer 16

20%.

Question 17

Which hormone, released from the hypothalamus, signals the start of the reproductive season?

Answer 17

Gonatropic releasing hormone.

Question 18

What two forms of feeding processing involve a die and steam?

Answer 18

Pelleting and extruding.

Question 19

What are thrombocytes?

Answer 19

Blood platelets that are important in blood clotting.

Question 20

Between which two structures of the digestive tract is the cecum located?

Answer 20

The ileum and the large colon (right ventral colon).

Question 21

What is the function of the hormone thyroxine?

Answer 21

Controls metabolic rate.

Question 22

Where are the horse’s digital extensor muscles located?

Answer 22

Forearm and Gaskin/between elbow and knee and stifle and hock.

Question 23

Name two terms that have to do with the angle, or set of the hock, from a profile view.

Answer 23

Sickle hocked, post-legged (too straight in the hock).

Question 24

Most of the blood is shunted through what two structures in the fetal heart?

Answer 24

Arterial duct and oval foramen.

Question 25

What are the two phases of the cycle for each limb during a stride?

Answer 25

Stance and swing.

Question 26

What are Sertoli cells?

Answer 26

Cells in the testes that support spermatozoa development.

Question 27

What is meant by the term "set fair"?

Answer 27

The finishing touches made to a horse's bedding before it is put away for the night.

Question 28

What is the term for the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal force expiration?

Answer 28

Residual volume.

Question 29

What is the name of the Standardbred's registry?

Answer 29

United States Trotting Association.

Question 30

What is a mutton withered horse?

Answer 30

A horse with thick, round, low withers or little bone definition in withers.

Question 31

About how much of the total capacity of the digestive system does the stomach hold?

Answer 31

8%.

Question 32

What is the term for the horse's sense of touch?

Answer 32

Tactile.

Question 33

How many amino acids make up protein?

Answer 33

22.

Question 34

When do the endometrial cups begin the form?

Answer 34

36th day of pregnancy.

Question 35

What three terms are used to describe the front and rear of the horse's legs below the knees and hocks? Indicate the direction of each.

Answer 35

Dorsal – front of all four legs. Palmar- back of front legs. Plantar – back of hindlegs.

Question 36

There are two forms of sweating. One involves the natural process of the horse cooling itself. What is another form of sweating?

Answer 36

Putting plastic wrap/neck sweat on neck to dehydrate/shrink it. Putting plastic wrap on inflamed limb to reduce swelling.

Question 37

What cells in the lymph nodes can remove bacteria and cancer cells?

Answer 37

Phagocytes.

Question 38

Follicle-stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. What two tissues does it affect?

Answer 38

Ovary and testes.

Question 39

Which system of the horse is responsible for homeostasis?

Answer 39

Endocrine system.

Question 40

What is the approximate diameter of the horse's trachea?

Answer 40

2 inches.

Question 41

Which artery provides the main blood supply to the horse's brain?

Answer 41

Internal carotid artery.

Question 42

What are the two types of nerves which supply the same organ causing different responses?

Answer 42

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves.

Question 43

What does the extension gene effect?

Answer 43

Color differences and black pigmented and red pigmented horses.

Question 44

Impaction colic is most likely to occur where the intestine narrows. What are the three most common sites of impaction colic?

Answer 44

Ileal orifice (opening to the cecum), pelvic flexure, beginning of the transverse colon.

Question 45

What is the horse's field of vision in each eye?

Answer 45

About 215°.

Question 46

What is the difference between a stride and a step?

Answer 46

A stride is the distance between successive imprints of the same foot. And a step is the distance in line of forward movement between footprints of two front or hind feet/a single beat of a gait.

Question 47

This breed of pony is an intermediate sized pony and a very popular mount for children. Spotted patterns are not eligible for registry. What breed is it?

Answer 47

Welsh.

Question 48

Which artery provides the main blood supply to the horse's head?

Answer 48

Common carotid artery.

Question 49

Which specific internal parasite is thought to be related to "foal heat scours" since it causes diarrhea in young foals?

Answer 49

Strongyloides westeri.

Question 50

What are autosomes?

Answer 50

All chromosomes except the X and Y chromosomes.

Question 51

Which vitamin is the most common of all vitamin toxicoses?

Answer 51

Vitamin D.

Question 52

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 52

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.

Question 53

What are five guidelines used for the Tobiano pattern?

Answer 53

White crosses the back, head marked like a solid horse with star, strip, blaze, or no markings; all legs are white at least below knees and hocks; body spots or regular, oval-shaped, and distinct; one or both flanks are usually dark color; tail is often two colors.

Question 54

What are the two most common forms of molasses used in horse rations?

Answer 54

Cane molasses (blackstrap molasses), beet molasses.

Question 55

Name the three parts of the uterus.

Answer 55

Body, two horns (per Kainer, cervix would also be a part of the uterus - 4 parts).