20131014 Flashcards

Question

Ratify

Answer 1

rat·i·fy\ˈra-tə-ˌfī\ transitive verb : to approve and sanction formally : confirm Other forms: rat·i·fied; rat·i·fy·ing rat·i·fi·ca·tion \ˌra-tə-fə-ˈkā-shən\ noun rat·i·fi·er \ˈra-tə-ˌfī(-ə)r\ noun Examples Lincoln's home state of Illinois was the first to ratify the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which provided for the abolition of slavery Origin: Middle English ratifien, from Anglo-French ratifier, from Medieval Latin ratificare, from Latin ratus determined, from past participle of reri to calculate — more at reason. First use: 14th century

Answer 2

ve·to\ˈvē-(ˌ)tō\ noun 1 : an authoritative prohibition : interdiction 2 a : a power of one department or branch of a government to forbid or prohibit finally or provisionally the carrying out of projects attempted by another department; especially : a power vested in a chief executive to prevent permanently or temporarily the enactment of measures passed by a legislature b (1) : the exercise of such authority (2) : a message communicating the reasons of an executive and especially the president of the United States for vetoing a proposed law Other forms: plural vetoes Origin: Latin, I forbid, from vetare to forbid. First use: 1629 Synonyms: ban, embargo, interdict, interdiction, proscription, prohibition Antonyms: prescription

Answer 3

abol·ish\ə-ˈbä-lish\ transitive verb 1 : to end the observance or effect of : annul 2 : destroy abol·ish·able \-li-shə-bəl\ adjective abol·ish·er noun abol·ish·ment \-mənt\ noun Examples the U.S. abolished slavery by constitutional amendment on December 6, 1865 if only there were a way that we could abolish hatred and intolerance Origin: Middle English abolisshen, from Middle French aboliss-, stem of abolir, from Latin abolēre; probably akin to adolescere to grow up — more at adult. First use: 15th century

Answer 4

seg·re·gate\ˈse-gri-ˌgāt\ transitive verb 1 : to separate or set apart from others or from the general mass : isolate 2 : to cause or force the separation of (as from the rest of society) intransitive verb 1 : separate, withdraw 2 : to practice or enforce a policy of segregation 3 : to undergo genetic segregation Other forms: seg·re·gat·ed; seg·re·gat·ing seg·re·ga·tive \-ˌgā-tiv\ adjective Origin: Latin segregatus, past participle of segregare, from se- apart + greg-, grex herd — more at secede. First use: 1542 Synonyms: cut off, insulate, seclude, isolate, separate, sequester Antonyms: desegregate, integrate, reintegrate

Answer 5

doc·trine\ˈdäk-trən\ noun 1 archaic : teaching, instruction 2 a : something that is taught b : a principle or position or the body of principles in a branch of knowledge or system of belief : dogma c : a principle of law established through past decisions d : a statement of fundamental government policy especially in international relations e : a military principle or set of strategies Examples the Catholic Church's doctrine on the Eucharist the doctrine of quantum physicists Origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French, from Latin doctrina, from doctor. First use: 14th century Synonyms: canon, dogma

Answer 6

lu·cra·tive\ˈlü-krə-tiv\ adjective : producing wealth : profitable lu·cra·tive·ly adverb lu·cra·tive·ness noun Examples the hired gun's mission was to turn the failing store into a lucrative operation Origin: Middle English lucratif, from Middle French, from Latin lucrativus, from lucratus, past participle of lucrari to gain, from lucrum. First use: 15th century Synonyms: economic, fat, gainful, juicy, profitable, moneymaking, money-spinning [chiefly British], paying, remunerative Antonyms: unprofitable

Answer 7

con·tem·po·rary\kən-ˈtem-pə-ˌrer-ē, -ˌre-rē\ adjective 1 : happening, existing, living, or coming into being during the same period of time 2 a : simultaneous b : marked by characteristics of the present period : modern, current con·tem·po·rar·i·ly \-ˌtem-pə-ˈrer-ə-lē\ adverb Origin: com- + Latin tempor-, tempus. First use: 1631 Synonyms: coetaneous, coeval, coexistent, coexisting, coextensive, coincident, coincidental, concurrent, contemporaneous, coterminous, simultaneous, synchronic, synchronous Antonyms: asynchronous, noncontemporary, nonsimultaneous, nonsynchronous Synonym discussion: contemporary contemporaneous coeval synchronous simultaneous coincident mean existing or occurring at the same time. contemporary is likely to apply to people and what relates to them . contemporaneous is more often applied to events than to people . coeval refers usually to periods, ages, eras, eons . synchronous implies exact correspondence in time and especially in periodic intervals . simultaneous implies correspondence in a moment of time . coincident is applied to events and may be used in order to avoid implication of causal relationship .

Answer 8

prow·ess\ˈprau̇-əs also ˈprō-\ noun 1 : distinguished bravery; especially : military valor and skill 2 : extraordinary ability Examples an extraordinary display of prowess on the battlefield Origin: Middle English prouesse, from Anglo-French pruesse, prowesse, from prou. First use: 13th century Synonyms: bottle [British slang], bravery, courageousness, daring, daringness, dauntlessness, doughtiness, fearlessness, gallantry, greatheartedness, guts, gutsiness, hardihood, heart, heroism, intestinal fortitude, intrepidity, intrepidness, moxie, nerve, pecker [chiefly British], courage, stoutness, valor, virtue Antonyms: cowardice, cowardliness, cravenness, dastardliness, poltroonery, spinelessness

Answer 9

in·vig·o·rate\in-ˈvi-gə-ˌrāt\ transitive verb : to give life and energy to : animate; also : stimulate 1 Other forms: in·vig·o·rat·ed; in·vig·o·rat·ing in·vig·o·rat·ing·ly \-ˌrā-tiŋ-lē\ adverb in·vig·o·ra·tion \-ˌvi-gə-ˈrā-shən\ noun in·vig·o·ra·tor \-ˈvi-gə-ˌrā-tər\ noun Examples the fresh air and sunshine invigorated the children after a long winter indoors Origin: probably from in- + vigor. First use: 1646

Answer 10

gra·cious\ˈgrā-shəs\ adjective 1 a obsolete : godly b archaic : pleasing, acceptable 2 a : marked by kindness and courtesy b : graceful c : marked by tact and delicacy : urbane d : characterized by charm, good taste, generosity of spirit, and the tasteful leisure of wealth and good breeding 3 : merciful, compassionate — used conventionally of royalty and high nobility gra·cious·ly adverb gra·cious·ness noun Examples a gracious host who goes out of his way to make every guest feel welcome a gracious innkeeper whose jokes and laughter made weary travelers feel right at home he was a gracious man, habitually offering his seat on the bus to elderly women Origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French gracieus, from Latin gratiosus enjoying favor, agreeable, from gratia. First use: 14th century Synonyms: affable, cordial, genial, hospitable, sociable Antonyms: inhospitable, ungenial, ungracious, unsociable Synonym discussion: gracious cordial affable genial sociable mean markedly pleasant and easy in social intercourse. gracious implies courtesy and kindly consideration . cordial stresses warmth and heartiness . affable implies easy approachability and readiness to respond pleasantly to conversation or requests or proposals . genial stresses cheerfulness and even joviality . sociable suggests a genuine liking for the companionship of others .

Answer 11

gra·cious\ˈgrā-shəs\ adjective 1 a obsolete : godly b archaic : pleasing, acceptable 2 a : marked by kindness and courtesy b : graceful c : marked by tact and delicacy : urbane d : characterized by charm, good taste, generosity of spirit, and the tasteful leisure of wealth and good breeding 3 : merciful, compassionate — used conventionally of royalty and high nobility gra·cious·ly adverb gra·cious·ness noun Examples a gracious host who goes out of his way to make every guest feel welcome a gracious innkeeper whose jokes and laughter made weary travelers feel right at home he was a gracious man, habitually offering his seat on the bus to elderly women Origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French gracieus, from Latin gratiosus enjoying favor, agreeable, from gratia. First use: 14th century Synonyms: affable, cordial, genial, hospitable, sociable Antonyms: inhospitable, ungenial, ungracious, unsociable Synonym discussion: gracious cordial affable genial sociable mean markedly pleasant and easy in social intercourse. gracious implies courtesy and kindly consideration . cordial stresses warmth and heartiness . affable implies easy approachability and readiness to respond pleasantly to conversation or requests or proposals . genial stresses cheerfulness and even joviality . sociable suggests a genuine liking for the companionship of others .

Answer 12

crest·fall·en\ˈkrest-ˌfȯ-lən\ adjective 1 : having a drooping crest or hanging head 2 : feeling shame or humiliation : dejected crest·fall·en·ly adverb crest·fall·en·ness \-lən-nəs\ noun Examples she was crestfallen when she found out she hadn't got the job First use: 1589 Synonyms: bad, blue, brokenhearted, cast down, sad, dejected, depressed, despondent, disconsolate, doleful, down, downcast, downhearted, down in the mouth, droopy, forlorn, gloomy, glum, hangdog, heartbroken, heartsick, heartsore, heavyhearted, inconsolable, joyless, low, low-spirited, melancholic, melancholy, miserable, mournful, saddened, sorrowful, sorry, unhappy, woebegone, woeful, wretched Antonyms: blissful, buoyant, buoyed, cheerful, cheery, chipper, delighted, glad, gladdened, gladsome, gleeful, happy, joyful, joyous, jubilant, sunny, upbeat

Answer 13

eu·pho·ria\yü-ˈfȯr-ē-ə\ noun : a feeling of well-being or elation eu·phor·ic \-ˈfȯr-ik, -ˈfär-\ adjective eu·phor·i·cal·ly \-i-k(ə-)lē\ adverb Examples a general euphoria seemed to engulf the city following the World Series win Origin: New Latin, from Greek, from euphoros healthy, from eu- + pherein to bear — more at bear. First use: circa 1751 Synonyms: cloud nine, elatedness, elation, ecstasy, exhilaration, heaven, high, intoxication, paradise, rapture, rhapsody, seventh heaven, swoon, transport Antonyms: depression

Answer 14

dis·grun·tle\dis-ˈgrən-təl\ transitive verb : to make ill-humored or discontented — usually used as a participial adjective s shabby treatment, turned him in to the IRS a crew disgruntled by a long voyage that provided no opportunity for recreation onshore Origin: dis- + gruntle to grumble, from Middle English gruntlen, frequentative of grunten to grunt. First use: 1682

Answer 15

``` flab·by\ˈfla-bē\ adjective 1 : lacking resilience or firmness : flaccid 2 : weak and ineffective : feeble Other forms: flab·bi·er; flab·bi·est flab·bi·ly \ˈfla-bə-lē\ adverb flab·bi·ness \ˈfla-bē-nəs\ noun Examples his daughter playfully poked at his flabby belly Origin: alteration of flappy. First use: 1694 Synonyms: soft, mushy, pulpy, spongy, squashy, squishy, squooshy Antonyms: firm, hard, solid ```

Answer 16

``` ten·den·tious\ten-ˈden(t)-shəs\ adjective : marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view : biased ten·den·tious·ly adverb ten·den·tious·ness noun First use: 1900 ```

Answer 17

com·pla·cen·cy\kəm-ˈplā-sən(t)-sē\ noun 1 : self-satisfaction especially when accompanied by unawareness of actual dangers or deficiencies 2 : an instance of usually unaware or uninformed self-satisfaction Other forms: plural com·pla·cen·cies Examples a momentary complacency that was quickly dispelled by the shock of cold reality Origin: (see complacent ). First use: 1650 Synonyms: amour propre, bighead, complacence, conceit, conceitedness, ego, egotism, pomposity, pompousness, pride, pridefulness, self-admiration, self-assumption, self-conceit, self-congratulation, self-esteem, self-glory, self-importance, self-love, self-opinion, self-satisfaction, smugness, swelled head, swellheadedness, vaingloriousness, vainglory, vainness, vanity Antonyms: humbleness, humility, modesty

Answer 18

``` frac·tious\ˈfrak-shəs\ adjective 1 : tending to be troublesome : unruly 2 : quarrelsome, irritable frac·tious·ly adverb frac·tious·ness noun Origin: fraction (discord) + -ous. First use: 1714 ```

Answer 19

er·ro·ne·ous\i-ˈrō-nē-əs, e-\ adjective 1 : containing or characterized by error : mistaken 2 archaic : wandering er·ro·ne·ous·ly adverb er·ro·ne·ous·ness noun Examples a news article about the new virus that was filled with much erroneous information Origin: Middle English, from Latin erroneus, from erron-, erro wanderer, from errare (see err ). First use: 15th century Synonyms: false, inaccurate, incorrect, inexact, invalid, off, unsound, untrue, untruthful, wrong Antonyms: accurate, correct, errorless, exact, factual, precise, proper, right, sound, true, valid, veracious

Answer 20

``` an·ti·thet·i·cal\ˌan-tə-ˈthe-ti-kəl\ adjective 1 : constituting or marked by antithesis 2 : being in direct and unequivocal opposition synonyms see opposite an·ti·thet·i·cal·ly \-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb Examples spiritual concerns and ideals that are antithetical to the materialism embraced by modern society Variants: also an·ti·thet·ic \-ˈthe-tik\ First use: 1583 Synonyms: antipodal, antipodean, opposite, contradictory, contrary, diametric (or diametrical), polar Antonyms: noncontradictory ```

Answer 21

pe·riph·er·al\pə-ˈri-f(ə-)rəl\ adjective 1 : of, relating to, involving, or forming a periphery or surface part 2 a : of, relating to, affecting, or being part of the peripheral nervous system b : of, relating to, or being blood in the systemic circulation 3 : of, relating to, or being the outer part of the field of vision 4 : auxiliary, supplementary ; also : of or relating to computer peripherals pe·riph·er·al·ly adverb First use: 1808 Synonyms: accessorial, accessory, appurtenant, auxiliary, supplemental, supplementary Antonyms: chief, main, principal

Answer 22

lure\ˈlu̇r\ noun 1 : an object usually of leather or feathers attached to a long cord and used by a falconer to recall or exercise a hawk 2 a : an inducement to pleasure or gain : enticement b : appeal, attraction 3 : a decoy for attracting animals to capture: as a : artificial bait used for catching fish b : an often luminous structure on the head of pediculate fishes that is used to attract prey Examples advertisers trying to lure a younger audience to their products They lured the bear out of its den. The suburbs are luring middle-class families away from the city. Origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French lure, leure, of Germanic origin; akin to Middle High German luoder bait; perhaps akin to Old English lathian to invite, Old High German ladōn. First use: 14th century Synonyms: allurement, bait, come-on, enticement, siren song, temptation, turn-on

Answer 23

ban·ish\ˈba-nish\ transitive verb 1 : to require by authority to leave a country 2 : to drive out or remove from a home or place of usual resort or continuance 3 : to clear away : dispel ban·ish·er noun ban·ish·ment \-nish-mənt\ noun Examples in the old days, criminals were sometimes banished to distant lands permanently banished the troublemakers from the youth recreational center Origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French baniss-, stem of banir, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German bannan to command — more at ban. First use: 14th century Synonym discussion: banish exile deport transport mean to remove by authority from a state or country. banish implies compulsory removal from a country not necessarily one's own . exile may imply compulsory removal or an enforced or voluntary absence from one's own country . deport implies sending out of the country an alien who has illegally entered or whose presence is judged inimical to the public welfare . transport implies sending a convicted criminal to an overseas penal colony .

Answer 24

im·mure\i-ˈmyu̇r\ transitive verb 1 a : to enclose within or as if within walls b : imprison 2 : to build into a wall; especially : to entomb in a wall Other forms: im·mured; im·mur·ing im·mure·ment \-ˈmyu̇r-mənt\ noun Examples scientists at the research station in Alaska are immured by the frozen wastelands that surround them immured by a controlling, possessive mother, the young woman had no outside social life Origin: Medieval Latin immurare, from Latin in- + murus wall — more at munition. First use: 1583

Answer 25

in·con·gru·ous\(ˌ)in-ˈkäŋ-grə-wəs\ adjective : lacking congruity: as a : not harmonious : incompatible b : not conforming : disagreeing c : inconsistent within itself d : lacking propriety : unsuitable in·con·gru·ous·ly adverb in·con·gru·ous·ness noun Examples there's an incongruous modernism to the actor's performance in this period piece incongruous theories about the origins of matter Origin: Late Latin incongruus, from Latin in- + congruus congruous. First use: 1611 Synonyms: amiss, graceless, improper, inapposite, inapt, inappropriate, incorrect, indecorous, inept, infelicitous, malapropos, perverse, unapt, unbecoming, unfit, unhappy, unseemly, unsuitable, untoward, wrong Antonyms: appropriate, becoming, befitting, correct, decorous, felicitous, fit, fitting, genteel, happy, meet, proper, right, seemly, suitable

Answer 26

for·tu·itous\fȯr-ˈtü-ə-təs, -ˈtyü-, fər-\ adjective 1 : occurring by chance 2 a : fortunate, lucky b : coming or happening by a lucky chance synonyms see accidental for·tu·itous·ly adverb for·tu·itous·ness noun Examples your arrival just before the thunderstorm was fortuitous firmly believes that the creation of the universe was something other than just the fortuitous coming together of particles of matter Origin: Latin fortuitus; akin to Latin fort-, fors chance — more at fortune. First use: 1653 Synonyms: fluky (also flukey), fortunate, happy, heaven-sent, lucky, providential Antonyms: hapless, ill-fated, ill-starred, luckless, star-crossed, unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky Usage: Sense 2a has been influenced in meaning by fortunate. It has been in standard if not elevated use for some 70 years, but is still disdained by some critics. Sense 2b, a blend of 1 and 2a, is virtually unnoticed by the critics. Sense 1 is the only sense commonly used in negative constructions.

Answer 27

graze\ˈgrāz\ intransitive verb 1 : to feed on growing herbage, attached algae, or phytoplankton 2 : to eat small portions of food throughout the day transitive verb 1 a : to crop and eat in the field b : to feed on the herbage of 2 a : to put to graze b : to put cattle to graze on 3 : to supply herbage for the grazing of Other forms: grazed; graz·ing graze·able or graz·able \ˈgrā-zə-bəl\ adjective graz·er noun Origin: Middle English grasen, from Old English grasian, from græs grass. First use: before 12th century

Answer 28

``` weaver KK:[ˈwivɚ] DJ:[ˈwi:və] n. 1. 織布工; 編織者, 織補者[C] ```

Answer 29

``` affinity KK:[əˈfɪnətɪ] DJ:[əˈfiniti] n. 1. 喜好, 本性, 傾向[C][(+for/to)] Peter has a special affinity for booze. 彼得嗜酒。 2. 姻親關係; 密切關係[U][C][(+with/between)] 3. (語言、生物等之間的)類同; 相像[C][(+to/with)] Italian has a close affinity to French. 義大利語和法語很相似。 4. (尤指異性間的)吸引力[S] He felt a strong affinity to the Russian girl. 他深受那個俄國姑娘吸引。 5. 【化】親合性, 親和力 6. (尤指對異性)有吸引力的人 ```

Answer 30

``` cranky KK:[ˈkræŋkɪ] DJ:[ˈkræŋki] a. 1. 胡思亂想的; 好奇的 2. 彎曲的; 動搖的 3. 病弱的 4. (機器)有毛病的 5. 暴躁不安的 His mother has been cranky recently. 他的母親最近常暴躁不安。 ```

Answer 31

``` impale KK:[ɪmˈpel] DJ:[imˈpeil] vt. 1. (以尖物)刺穿; 刺住 2. (作為懲罰)把...釘在尖樁上 3. 使陷入困境 ```

Answer 32

el·o·quent\ˈe-lə-kwənt\ adjective 1 : marked by forceful and fluent expression 2 : vividly or movingly expressive or revealing el·o·quent·ly adverb Examples an eloquent writer and speaker, Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the founders of the women's rights movement in an eloquent gesture, the defeated general was graciously given back his sword at the surrender ceremonies President Kennedy's eloquent inaugural address is often credited with inspiring a whole generation Origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin eloquent-, eloquens, from present participle of eloqui to speak out, from e- + loqui to speak. First use: 14th century Synonyms: articulate, fluent, silver-tongued, well-spoken Antonyms: inarticulate, ineloquent, unvocal

Answer 33

me·tic·u·lous\mə-ˈti-kyə-ləs\ adjective : marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details synonyms see careful me·tic·u·los·i·ty \-ˌti-kyə-ˈlä-sə-tē\ noun me·tic·u·lous·ly \-ˈti-kyə-ləs-lē\ adverb me·tic·u·lous·ness \-nəs\ noun Examples did a meticulous job of restoring the painting Origin: Latin meticulosus fearful, irregular from metus fear. First use: 1827 Synonyms: careful, conscientious, fussy, loving, painstaking, scrupulous Antonyms: careless

Answer 34

thrive\ˈthrīv\ intransitive verb 1 : to grow vigorously : flourish 2 : to gain in wealth or possessions : prosper 3 : to progress toward or realize a goal despite or because of circumstances — often used with on Other forms: thrived or throve \ˈthrōv\; thrived also thriv·en \ˈthri-vən\; thriv·ing \ˈthrī-viŋ\ thriv·er \ˈthrī-vər\ noun Examples Business is thriving. The region thrived under his rule. plants that thrive in the desert Origin: Middle English, from Old Norse thrīfask, probably reflexive of thrīfa to grasp. First use: 13th century

Answer 35

``` endeavor KK:[ɪnˈdɛvɚ] DJ:[inˈdevə] vi. 1. 努力, 力圖[+to-v] He endeavored to streamline the plant organization. 他努力使工廠組織簡化而更有效地運作。 n. 1. 努力, 盡力[C][U][+to-v] His endeavors to get the bill passed failed. 他想使議案通過的努力失敗了。 ```

Answer 36

``` contemporary KK:[kənˈtɛmpəˌrɛrɪ] DJ:[kənˈtempərəri] a. 1. 當代的 His lecture is on contemporary American novelists. 他的演講是關於當代美國小說家的。 2. 同時代的; 同年齡的[(+with)] Was Ben Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare? 班強森是否與莎士比亞同輩? n.[C] 1. 同時代的人; 同年齡的人 He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他同時代的人瞧不起。 2. 同時期的東西 3. 當代人, 現代人 ```

Answer 37

re·vi·tal·ize\(ˌ)rē-ˈvī-tə-ˌlīz\ transitive verb : to give new life or vigor to Other forms: re·vi·tal·ized; re·vi·tal·iz·ing re·vi·tal·i·za·tion \(ˌ)rē-ˌvī-tə-lə-ˈzā-shən\ noun Examples a new cream that claims to revitalize sun-damaged skin the bowling alley, eager to revitalize interest in the sport for a younger crowd, started offering “disco bowling” every Friday night with disco music and free soda First use: 1869

Answer 38

``` instill KK:[ɪnˈstɪl] DJ:[inˈstil] vt. 1. 徐徐滴入[(+into)] 2. 逐漸灌輸; 徐徐地教導[(+in/into)] instill respect for the law in the younger generation 將尊重法律的觀念逐漸灌輸給年青一代 ```

Answer 39

con·sen·sus\kən-ˈsen(t)-səs\ noun Usage: often attributive 1 a : general agreement : unanimity b : the judgment arrived at by most of those concerned 2 : group solidarity in sentiment and belief Examples finally reached a consensus on how to spend the money that the club had raised Origin: Latin, from consentire (see 1consent ). First use: 1843 Synonyms: accord, concurrence, concurrency, agreement, unanimity, unison Antonyms: conflict, disagreement, dissensus Usage: The phrase consensus of opinion, which is not actually redundant (see sense 1a; the sense that takes the phrase is slightly older), has been so often claimed to be a redundancy that many writers avoid it. You are safe in using consensus alone when it is clear you mean consensus of opinion, and most writers in fact do so.

Answer 40

``` elusive KK:[ɪˈlusɪv] DJ:[iˈlu:siv] a. 1. 逃避的, 躲避的 2. 難以理解的, 難以記起的 He remained as elusive as ever. 他還是那樣令人難以捉摸。 ```

Answer 41

suf·frage\ˈsə-frij, sometimes -fə-rij\ noun 1 : a short intercessory prayer usually in a series 2 : a vote given in deciding a controverted question or electing a person for an office or trust 3 : the right of voting : franchise; also : the exercise of such right Examples even as the world entered the 21st century, some nations still did not permit women's suffrage Origin: in sense 1, from Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin suffragium, from Latin, vote, political support, from suffragari to support with one's vote; in other senses, from Latin suffragium. First use: 14th century Synonyms: ballot, enfranchisement, franchise, vote Antonyms: disenfranchisement

Answer 42

``` temperance KK:[ˈtɛmprəns] DJ:[ˈtempərəns] n.[U] 1. 節制, 節慾; 不過分, 適度 He believed in temperance in all things. 他認為凡事都要適度。 2. 戒酒; 禁酒 ```

Answer 43

as·sert\ə-ˈsərt, a-\ transitive verb 1 : to state or declare positively and often forcefully or aggressively 2 a : to demonstrate the existence of b : posit, postulate assert oneself : to speak or act in a manner that compels recognition especially of one's rights Examples a superpatriot who is never afraid to assert her allegiance to flag and country asserted that a new roof would be necessary if the church was to remain open vigorously asserted that what passes for art these days is absolute rubbish Origin: Latin assertus, past participle of asserere, from ad- + serere to join — more at series. First use: circa 1604 Synonym discussion: assert declare affirm protest avow mean to state positively usually in anticipation of denial or objection. assert implies stating confidently without need for proof or regard for evidence . declare stresses open or public statement . affirm implies conviction based on evidence, experience, or faith . protest emphasizes affirming in the face of denial or doubt . avow stresses frank declaration and acknowledgment of personal responsibility for what is declared .

Answer 44

``` un·der·score\ˈən-dər-ˌskȯr\ transitive verb 1 : to draw a line under : underline 2 : to make evident : emphasize, stress 3 : to provide (action on film) with accompanying music First use: 1771 ```

Answer 45

dif·fuse\di-ˈfyüs\ adjective 1 : being at once verbose and ill-organized 2 : not concentrated or localized synonyms see wordy dif·fuse·ly adverb dif·fuse·ness noun Origin: Middle English, from Latin diffusus, past participle of diffundere to spread out, from dis- + fundere to pour — more at found. First use: 15th century Synonyms: circuitous, circumlocutory, wordy, garrulous, logorrheic, long-winded, pleonastic, prolix, rambling, verbose, windy Antonyms: compact, concise, crisp, pithy, succinct, terse

Answer 46

in·im·i·cal\i-ˈni-mi-kəl\ adjective 1 : being adverse often by reason of hostility or malevolence 2 a : having the disposition of an enemy : hostile b : reflecting or indicating hostility : unfriendly adverb Examples received an inimical response rather than the anticipated support laws designed to enhance national security that some regard as inimical to cherished freedoms Origin: Late Latin inimicalis, from Latin inimicus enemy — more at enemy. First use: 1573 Synonyms: adversarial, adversary, antagonistic, antipathetic, inhospitable, hostile, jaundiced, mortal, negative, unfriendly, unsympathetic Antonyms: friendly, hospitable, nonantagonistic, nonhostile, sympathetic

Answer 47

pre·dom·i·nate\pri-ˈdä-mə-ˌnāt\ intransitive verb 1 : to hold advantage in numbers or quantity 2 : to exert controlling power or influence : prevail transitive verb : to exert control over : dominate pre·dom·i·na·tion \-ˌdä-mə-ˈnā-shən\ noun Origin: Medieval Latin praedominatus, past participle of praedominari. First use: 1594

Answer 48

mo·lec·u·lar\mə-ˈle-kyə-lər\ adjective 1 : of, relating to, consisting of, or produced by molecules 2 : of or relating to individual or small components mo·lec·u·lar·ly \-lē\ adverb First use: 1823

Answer 49

or·tho·dox\ˈȯr-thə-ˌdäks\ adjective 1 a : conforming to established doctrine especially in religion b : conventional 2 capitalized : of, relating to, or constituting any of various conservative religious or political groups: as a : eastern orthodox b : of or relating to Orthodox Judaism or·tho·dox·ly adverb Origin: Middle English orthodoxe, from Middle French or Late Latin; Middle French orthodoxe, from Late Latin orthodoxus, from Late Greek orthodoxos, from Greek orth- + doxa opinion — more at doxology. First use: 15th century Synonyms: ceremonial, ceremonious, conventional, formal, regular, routine Antonyms: casual, freewheeling, informal, irregular, unceremonious, unconventional, unorthodox

Answer 50

nov·el·ty\ˈnä-vəl-tē\ noun 1 : something new or unusual 2 : the quality or state of being novel : newness 3 : a small manufactured article intended mainly for personal or household adornment — usually used in plural 4 : something (as a song or food item) that provides often fleeting amusement and is often based on a theme — often used attributively Other forms: plural nov·el·ties Examples the novelty of having a cat wore off after the first time I had to change the litter box travel kits filled with small bars of soap, a folding toothbrush, and other novelties a shop selling souvenirs, T-shirts, and assorted novelties for tourists passing through Origin: Middle English novelte, from Anglo-French novelté, from novel. First use: 14th century Synonyms: freshness, newness, originality

Answer 51

con·ven·tion\kən-ˈven(t)-shən\ noun 1 a : agreement, contract b : an agreement between states for regulation of matters affecting all of them c : a compact between opposing commanders especially concerning prisoner exchange or armistice d : a general agreement about basic principles or procedures; also : a principle or procedure accepted as true or correct by convention 2 a : the summoning or convening of an assembly b : an assembly of persons met for a common purpose; especially : a meeting of the delegates of a political party for the purpose of formulating a platform and selecting candidates for office c : the usually state or national organization of a religious denomination 3 a : usage or custom especially in social matters b : a rule of conduct or behavior c : a practice in bidding or playing that conveys information between partners in a card game (as bridge) d : an established technique, practice, or device (as in the theater) Examples attended a convention of mathematicians in California an international convention banning the spread of nuclear weapons the Geneva Convention details proper treatment of prisoners of war Origin: Middle English, from Middle French or Latin; Middle French, from Latin convention-, conventio, from convenire. First use: 15th century Synonyms: assembly, congress, meeting, convocation, council, gathering, get-together, huddle, powwow

Answer 52

in·sur·rec·tion\ˌin(t)-sə-ˈrek-shən\ noun : an act or instance of revolting against civil authority or an established government synonyms see rebellion in·sur·rec·tion·al \-shnəl, -shə-nəl\ adjective in·sur·rec·tion·ary \-shə-ˌner-ē\ adjective or noun in·sur·rec·tion·ist \-sh(ə-)nist\ noun Examples the famous insurrection of the slaves in ancient Rome under Spartacus Origin: Middle English insureccion, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin insurrection-, insurrectio, from insurgere. First use: 15th century Synonyms: insurgence, insurgency, rebellion, mutiny, outbreak, revolt, revolution, rising, uprising

Answer 53

``` rigorous KK:[ˈrɪɡərəs] DJ:[ˈriɡərəs] a. 1. 嚴格的; 嚴厲的; 苛刻的 2. 嚴酷的; 嚴峻的 3. 精確的; 嚴密的 He made a rigorous study of the plants in the area. 他對該地的植物進行了慎密的研究。 ```

Answer 54

ne·glect\ni-ˈglekt\ transitive verb 1 : to give little attention or respect to : disregard 2 : to leave undone or unattended to especially through carelessness ne·glect·er noun Origin: Latin neglectus, past participle of neglegere, neclegere, from nec- not (akin to ne- not) + legere to gather — more at no, legend. First use: 1529 Synonym discussion: neglect disregard ignore overlook slight forget mean to pass over without giving due attention. neglect implies giving insufficient attention to something that merits one's attention . disregard suggests voluntary inattention . ignore implies a failure to regard something obvious . overlook suggests disregarding or ignoring through haste or lack of care . slight implies contemptuous or disdainful disregarding or omitting . forget may suggest either a willful ignoring or a failure to impress something on one's mind .

Answer 55

``` exert KK:[ɪɡˈzɝt] DJ:[iɡˈzə:t] vt. 1. 用(力), 盡(力) He has exerted all his strength. 他已竭盡全力。 2. 運用, 行使; 發揮; 施加 He's been exerting his influence on his friend to change his decision. 他一直在影響他的朋友改變決定。 ```

Answer 56

``` judicial KK:[dʒuˈdɪʃəl] DJ:[dʒu:ˈdiʃəl] a. 1. 司法的; 審判的 take judicial proceedings 正式提起訴訟 2. 法官的; 法庭的; 法院判定的 a judicial decision 法庭的決定 3. 合乎法官身分的; 法官似的 4. 評判的; 公正明斷的; 公平的 A judicial mind considers both sides of a dispute fairly before making a decision. 公正的人總是不帶偏見地考慮發生爭執的雙方的意見, 然後才作出決定。 ```

Answer 57

dos·sier\ˈdȯs-ˌyā, ˈdäs-; ˈdȯ-sē-ˌā, ˈdä-\ noun : a file containing detailed records on a particular person or subject Origin: French, bundle of documents labeled on the back, dossier, from dos back, from Latin dorsum. First use: 1880

Answer 58

flour·ish\ˈflər-ish, ˈflə-rish\ intransitive verb 1 : to grow luxuriantly : thrive 2 a : to achieve success : prosper b : to be in a state of activity or production c : to reach a height of development or influence 3 : to make bold and sweeping gesturestransitive verb : to wield with dramatic gestures : brandish synonyms see swing flour·ish·er noun flour·ish·ing·ly \-i-shiŋ-lē\ adverb Origin: Middle English florisshen, from Anglo-French fluriss-, stem of flurir, florir, from Vulgar Latin *florire, alteration of Latin florēre, from flor-, flos flower. First use: 14th century Synonyms: burgeon (also bourgeon), thrive, prosper Antonyms: fail

Answer 59

``` merit KK:[ˈmɛrɪt] DJ:[ˈmerit] n. 1. 價值[U] Her singing is totally without merit. 她的演唱一無是處。 2. 長處, 優點[C] People may not like her, but she has her merits. 人們也許不喜歡她, 但她也有她的優點。 3. 功績, 功勞[C] 4. 功過; 是非曲直[P] He will judge the case solely on its merits. 他將完全根據是非曲直審理這一案件。 5. 法律依據, 法律意義[U] The contention is without merit. 這一論點沒有法律依據。 vt. 1. 值得, 應受 That brave deed merited a better reward. 這種勇敢的行為應該得到更好的獎賞。 ```

Answer 60

jus·ti·fy\ˈjəs-tə-ˌfī\ transitive verb 1 a : to prove or show to be just, right, or reasonable b (1) : to show to have had a sufficient legal reason (2) : to qualify (oneself) as a surety by taking oath to the ownership of sufficient property 2 a archaic : to administer justice to b archaic : absolve c : to judge, regard, or treat as righteous and worthy of salvation 3 a : to space (as lines of text) so that the lines come out even at the margin b : to make even by justifying intransitive verb 1 a : to show a sufficient lawful reason for an act done b : to qualify as bail or surety 2 : to justify lines of text synonyms see maintain Other forms: jus·ti·fied; jus·ti·fy·ing jus·ti·fi·er \-ˌfī(-ə)r\ noun Examples you seem to think that losing a basketball game justifies a temper tantrum failed to justify the need for a war at this time Origin: Middle English justifien, from Anglo-French or Late Latin; Anglo-French justifier, from Late Latin justificare, from Latin justus. First use: 14th century Synonyms: excuse

Answer 61

``` adhere KK:[ədˈhɪr] DJ:[ədˈhiə] vi. 1. 黏附, 緊黏[(+to)] There were several pages that adhered to each other. 有幾頁書黏連在一起了。 2. 遵守; 堅持[(+to)] They adhered to the contract. 他們遵守了合同。 3. 追隨, 依附; 支持[(+to)] ```

Answer 62

``` rife KK:[raɪf] DJ:[raif] a.[F] 1. 流行的; 蔓延的 Rumours were rife that they had met with a terrible disaster and that all were dead. 說他們遭到大災難並全都死了的謠言到處流行。 The flu is rife. 目前流行性感冒蔓延。 2. 充滿的; 充斥的[(+with)] The thesis is rife with errors. 這篇論文錯誤百出。 ```

Answer 63

``` activism KK:[ˈæktəvɪzəm] DJ:[ˈæktivizəm] n. 1. 激進主義, 行動主義 ```

Answer 64

ap·a·thy\ˈa-pə-thē\ noun 1 : lack of feeling or emotion : impassiveness 2 : lack of interest or concern : indifference Examples the apathy of the people of that war-torn country comes from their having seen too many horrors her poor grades are proof enough of her apathy concerning all matters academic Origin: Greek apatheia, from apathēs without feeling, from a- + pathos emotion — more at pathos. First use: 1594 Synonyms: affectlessness, emotionlessness, impassiveness, impassivity, insensibility, numbness, phlegm Antonyms: emotion, feeling, sensibility

Answer 65

af·fa·ble\ˈa-fə-bəl\ adjective 1 : being pleasant and at easein talking to others 2 : characterized by ease and friendliness synonyms see gracious af·fa·bil·i·ty \ˌa-fə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun af·fa·bly \-blē\ adverb Examples as the show's affable host, she keeps the freewheeling gabfest from getting out of hand as an experienced event planner, he knows that having an affable emcee is critical although First Lady Lucretia Hayes didn't particularly enjoy her role as White House hostess, she was always affable Origin: Middle English affabyl, from Anglo-French, from Latin affabilis, from affari to speak to, from ad- + fari to speak — more at ban. First use: 15th century Synonyms: easygoing, breezy, devil-may-care, happy-go-lucky, laid-back, low-pressure, mellow Antonyms: high-strung, uptight

Answer 66

``` strive KK:[straɪv] DJ:[straiv] vi. 1. 努力, 苦幹, 奮鬥[(+for/after)][+to-v] This is the goal we are striving toward. 這是我們奮鬥的目標。 Today women are striving to occupy positions previously closed to them. 現今婦女正在努力爭取以往不對她們開放的職位。 2. 反抗, 鬥爭[(+against/with)] The swimmer strove against the tide. 游泳者與潮水搏鬥。 ```

Answer 67

``` dictate@1 KK:[ˈdɪktet] DJ:[dikˈteit] vt.[(+to)] 1. 口授, 口述, 使聽寫 Afterwards he dictated a few letters to her. 之後他對她口授了幾封信。 2. 命令, 規定, 要求, 指定[+wh-] The police dictated where the large, noisy crowd should stand during the parade. 警察指定在遊行時那一大堆喧鬧的人群應站的位置。 vi.[(+to)] 1. 口授, 口述 2. 命令, 支配 I won't have him dictating to me. 我不要他對我發號施令。 ```

Answer 68

ap·pro·pri·ate\ə-ˈprō-prē-ˌāt\ transitive verb 1 : to take exclusive possession of : annex 2 : to set apart for or assign to a particular purpose or use 3 : to take or make use of without authority or right Other forms: ap·pro·pri·at·ed; ap·pro·pri·at·ing ap·pro·pri·a·ble \-prē-ə-bəl\ adjective ap·pro·pri·a·tor \-prē-ˌā-tər\ noun Origin: Middle English, from Late Latin appropriatus, past participle of appropriare, from Latin ad- + proprius own. First use: 15th century

Answer 69

an·te·date\ˈan-ti-ˌdāt, ˌan-ti-ˈ\ transitive verb 1 a : to date as of a time prior to that of execution b : to assign to a date prior to that of actual occurrence 2 archaic : anticipate 3 : to precede in time First use: 1572

Answer 70

fo·lio\ˈfō-lē-ˌō\ noun 1 a : a leaf especially of a manuscript or book b : a leaf number c : a page number d : an identifying reference in accounting used in posting 2 a : a sheet of paper folded once b : a case or folder for loose papers 3 a : the size of a piece of paper cut two from a sheet; also : paper or a page of this size b : a book printed on folio pages c : a book of the largest size 4 : a certain number of words taken as a unit or division in a document for purposes of measurement or reference Other forms: plural fo·li·os Origin: Middle English, from Latin, abl. of folium. First use: 15th century

Answer 71

pro·bi·ty\ˈprō-bə-tē\ noun : adherence to the highest principles and ideals : uprightness synonyms see honesty Examples a person of indisputable probity must head the disciplinary panel the defense attorney questioned the probity of the witness ideals of fairness and probity in journalism Origin: Middle English probite, from Latin probitat-, probitas, from probus honest — more at prove. First use: 15th century Synonyms: character, decency, goodness, honesty, integrity, morality, rectitude, righteousness, rightness, uprightness, virtue, virtuousness Antonyms: badness, evil, evildoing, immorality, iniquity, sin, villainy, wickedness

Answer 72

ex·trav·a·gance\ik-ˈstra-vi-gən(t)s\ noun 1 a : an instance of excess or prodigality; specifically : an excessive outlay of money b : something extravagant s extravagances First use: 1640 Synonyms: extravagancy, lavishness, prodigality, profusion, wastefulness Antonyms: economy, frugality, penny-pinching

Answer 73

dis·ap·pro·ba·tion\(ˌ)dis-ˌa-prə-ˈbā-shən\ noun : the act or state of disapproving : the state of being disapproved : condemnation Examples there was widespread disapprobation of their mixed marriage in that narrow-minded community First use: 1647 Synonyms: deprecation, disapproval, discountenance, disesteem, disfavor, dislike, displeasure Antonyms: approbation, approval, favor

Answer 74

prof·li·gate\ˈprä-fli-gət, -ˌgāt\ adjective 1 : wildly extravagant 2 : completely given up to dissipation and licentiousness prof·li·gate·ly adverb Origin: Latin profligatus, from past participle of profligare to strike down, from pro- forward, down + -fligare (akin to fligere to strike); akin to Greek phlibein to squeeze. First use: 1617 Synonyms: extravagant, high-rolling, prodigal, spendthrift, squandering, thriftless, unthrifty, wasteful Antonyms: conserving, economical, economizing, frugal, penny-pinching, scrimping, skimping, thrifty

Answer 75

``` digress KK:[daɪˈɡrɛs] DJ:[daiˈɡres] vi. 1. 走向岔道; 脫離主題 ```

Answer 76

``` row@3 KK:[raʊ] DJ:[rau] n. 1. 【口】吵架, 口角; 公開爭論[C] He had a row with his neighbor. 他與鄰居吵了一架。 2. 【貶】吵嚷; 喧鬧[S] The guys are making such a row that I can't sleep. 那些傢伙吵得我沒法睡覺。 3. 受斥責[S] vi. 1. 爭吵; 吵鬧[(+about/with)] Helen rowed with her boyfriend about a mere trifle. 海倫為一點小事與男友爭吵。 ```

Answer 77

``` incipient KK:[ɪnˈsɪpɪənt] DJ:[inˈsipiənt] a. 1. 起初的 ```

Answer 78

``` predicament KK:[ˌprɪˈdɪkəmənt] DJ:[ˌpriˈdikəmənt] n.[C] 1. 尷尬的處境, 困境; 危境 She was in a predicament when she missed the last train home. 當她錯過最後一班回家的火車時, 陷入了困境。 2. 處境, 境況, 情況 3. 【邏】範疇 ```

Answer 79

``` fester KK:[ˈfɛstɚ] DJ:[ˈfestə] vi. 1. 化膿 2. 潰爛 3. 引起痛苦 4. 惡化 vt. 1. 使化膿 2. 使潰爛 3. 使痛苦 4. 使惡化 n. 1. 【醫】淺潰瘍; 膿瘡 ```

Answer 80

be·lie\bi-ˈlī, bē-\ transitive verb 1 a : to give a false impression of b : to present an appearance not in agreement with 2 a : to show (something) to be false or wrong b : to run counter to : contradict 3 : disguise 3 Other forms: be·lied; be·ly·ing be·li·er \-ˈlī(-ə)r\ noun Examples his bright smile belied his actual mood, which was really one of great sadness the latest information belies the old theory the security council issued false assurances that belied the true gravity of the situation First use: before 12th century

Answer 81

``` judicious KK:[dʒuˈdɪʃəs] DJ:[dʒu:ˈdiʃəs] a. 1. 有見識的; 明斷的; 明智而審慎的 It would be judicious to remain silent. 保持沈默是明智的。 ```

Answer 82

``` stigmatization KK:[ˌstɪɡmətəˈzeʃən] DJ:[ˌstiɡmətiˈzeiʃən] n. 1. 使人蒙上污名 2. 【古】加烙印 3. 【宗】聖痕顯現 ```

Answer 83

``` transcend KK:[trænˈsɛnd] DJ:[trænˈsend] vi.vt. 1. 超越 2. 優於 ```

Answer 84

pa·nache\pə-ˈnash, -ˈnäsh\ noun 1 : an ornamental tuft (as of feathers) especially on a helmet 2 : dash or flamboyance in style and action : verve Origin: Middle French pennache, from Old Italian pennacchio, from Late Latin pinnaculum small wing — more at pinnacle. First use: 1553

Answer 85

``` gratify KK:[ˈɡrætəˌfaɪ] DJ:[ˈɡrætifai] vt. 1. 使高興, 使滿意[H][(+at/with)][+to-v] He was gratified by his son's success. 他對兒子的成功感到欣慰。 2. 滿足(慾望等) Do gratify our curiosity. 你就滿足一下我們的好奇心吧。 ```

Answer 86

``` peculiarity KK:[pɪˌkjulɪˈærətɪ] DJ:[piˌkju:liˈæriti] n. 1. 奇特, 古怪[U] We noticed the peculiarity of his manner at once. 我們馬上注意到了他態度的古怪。 2. 怪癖[C] 3. 特性, 特質[C] ```

Answer 87

``` pellucid KK:[pəˈljusɪd] DJ:[peˈlju:sid] a. 1. 清澄的; 透明的 2. 明白的; 清晰的 ```

Answer 88

``` entail KK:[ɪnˈtel] DJ:[inˈteil] vt. 1. 必需; 使承擔[+v-ing] This job would entail your learning how to use a computer. 這工作將需要你學會怎樣用計算機。 That plan entails work. 那項計劃需要工作。 2. 【律】限定繼承[(+on/upon)][H] The castle is entailed on the eldest son. 這城堡限定由長子繼承。 n. 1. 限定繼承[U] 2. 限定繼承的財產[C] ```

Answer 89

``` arduous KK:[ˈɑrdʒʊəs] DJ:[ˈɑ:djuəs] a. 1. 艱鉅的; 費力的; 困難的 It must have been a very arduous task to build the pyramids. 當時建造金字塔肯定是件萬分艱鉅的事。 2. 努力的; 使勁的 He made an arduous effort to keep up with the rest of the class. 他努力跟上班上其他同學。 3. 陡峭的, 難攀登的 an arduous hill 陡峭的山 ```

20131014 Flashcards

(113 cards)