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Immunology > Response to antigen > Flashcards

Response to antigen Flashcards

1
Q

If an antigen enters the body intravenously, where is it phagocytosed/pinocytosed?

A

In the spleen

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2
Q

If an antigen does not enter the body intravenously, where does it go next?

A

To the lymph node draining that part of the body

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3
Q

How do APCs process exogenous proteins?

A
  • enter APC by pinocytosis

- processed in acidic endosomal vacuoles

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4
Q

How are peptides from exogenous proteins presented?

A

On MHC class II molecules

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5
Q

How do APCs process viruses and intracellular antigens?

A
  • processed endogenously in APC cytoplasm or ER

- converted to small peptides by proteasomes

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6
Q

How are peptides from viruses and intracellular antigens presented?

A

MHC class I molecules

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7
Q

When is antibody involved in cell-mediated immunity?

A

During antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic reactions (ADCCs) when the effector cell is linked to the target cell via an antibody bridge. Fab portion binds antigen on target cell, Fc portion binds activated effector cell.

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8
Q

Where is CD28 found and what does it bind?

A

Th cells, binds B7-1/B7-2 (CD80/CD86) on APCs

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9
Q

CD28/B7.1 binding is associated with increased synthesis of:

A

IL-2 (costimulation)

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10
Q

CD2 is found on:

A

All T cells

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11
Q

CD2 binds:

A

leucocyte functional antigen (LFA-3 aka CD48) on APCs and target cells

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12
Q

CTLA4 is found on:

A

Th cells

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13
Q

CTLA4 binds:

A

B7-2/B7-1 (CD86/CD80) on APCs

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14
Q

CTLA4/B7.2 binding is associated with decreased synthesis of:

A

IL-2 (negative regulation)

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15
Q

CD3 is found on

A

All T cells

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16
Q

CD3 is responsible for:

A

Activation of T cells

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17
Q

Components of the CD3 complex include:

A

Three polypeptides (gamma, delta, epsilon) and two zeta chains.

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18
Q

What differentiates Th1 from Th2?

A

The different cytokines they secrete

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19
Q

What is the primary job of Th1 cells?

A

Inducing cell-mediated immunity by binding to the peptide-MHC class II complex

20
Q

What is the primary job of Th2 cells?

A

Inducing activation of B cells and humoral immunity by binding to the peptide-MHC class II complex and stimulation by IL-2

21
Q

What do Th1 cells secrete?

A

IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha

22
Q

What does IL-2 from Th1 cells do?

A

T-cell and B-cell transformation

23
Q

What does IFN-gamma from Th1 cells do?

A
  • enhances cell-mediated immunity by activating macrophages and NK cells.
  • triggers HLA antigen presentation by endothelial cells
  • suppresses antibody formation by down-regulating IL-4 synthesis
24
Q

What does TNF-alpha from Th1 cells do?

A
  • activates macrophages

- synergizes with IL-1 to stimulate acute phase response

25
Q

What secretes IL-12 and IL-8?

A

dendritic cells and macrophages

26
Q

What do IL-12 and IL-8 do?

A
  • help transition macrophages, Tc cells, and NK cells into cell-mediated immunity mode.
27
Q

Th2 cells secrete:

A

IL-4, 5, 10, and 13

28
Q

What does IL-4 from Th2 cells do?

A
  • development of antibody synthesis by stimulating B-cell differentiation
  • necessary for IgE production
  • suppresses CMI by IFN-gamma in Th1 cells reducing macrophage activation
29
Q

What does IL-5 from Th2 cells do?

A
  • synergizes with IL-4 and IL-2 in B cell differentiation
  • facilitates IgA synthesis
  • growth and differentiation of eosinophils
30
Q

What does IL-10 from Th2 cells do?

A
  • inhibits Th1 release of IFN-gamma (like IL-4) reducing macrophage activation
31
Q

What does IL-13 from Th2 cells do?

A
  • mimics IL-4/IL-10 and inhibits Th1 cytokine release
32
Q

What stimuli are required for B cell differentiation?

A
  • binding of antigen with IgM antigen receptor specific for epitope
  • cytokines IL-2 and IL-4
33
Q

Role of IL-5 in B cell differentiation

A

stimulation of assembly of H and L antibody chains

34
Q

Roles of IL-6 in B cell differentiation

A

terminal differentiation into plasma cell and secretion of IgM

35
Q

IgM to IgG switching cytokines:

A

IL-4 and IFN-gamma

36
Q

IgM to IgA switching cytokines:

A

TGF-beta

37
Q

Switch to IgE cytokines:

A

IL-4

38
Q

Where is CD40L found?

A

B and T cells

39
Q

What does CD40L bind?

A

CD40

40
Q

What does CD40 do?

A

activation

41
Q

Where is LFA-1 found?

A

T cells

42
Q

What does LFA-1 bind?

A

ICAM-1 on APCs or epithelium

43
Q

Where is VLA-4 found?

A

T cells

44
Q

What does VLA-4 bind?

A

VCAM-1 on APCs or epithelium

45
Q

What happens when a CD8 T cell recognizes antigen on an APC but does not receive a second signal?

A

Anergy

Immunology (13 decks)

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