2014 Key Associations Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
4
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
5
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
6
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
Hypertension
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
9
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan syndroem (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
10
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
11
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
12
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H pylori
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Strep pneumo
14
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns)
A
Group B strep/E coli
15
Q
Bacterial meningitis (kids)
A
S pneumo, N meningitidis
16
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
17
Q
Bleeding disorder with GP1b deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
18
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytomoa (including glioblastoma multiform) > meningioma > schwannoma
19
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
20
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
21
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopausal women)
22
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
23
Q
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
24
Q
Cardiac manifestations of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
25
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve"_
26
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
27
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
28
Chronic atrophic gastritis
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
29
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
30
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
31
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
32
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
33
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liber)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
34
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
35
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
36
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
37
Cushing syndrome
- Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
38
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
39
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
40
Death in CML
Blast crisis
41
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
42
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
43
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
44
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
45
Dietary deficit
Iron
46
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
47
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
48
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
49
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S aureus, B cereus
50
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
51
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
52
Heart murmur, congenital
MVP
53
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
54
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
55
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
56
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
57
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of HCC)
58
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hep B and C and with alcoholism)
59
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
60
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
61
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
62
HLA-DR3, DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
63
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
64
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
65
Hypertension, secondary
Renal disease
66
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
67
Hypopituaritism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
68
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hep C
69
Infections in chromic granulomatous disease
Staph aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
70
Kidney stones
- Calcium - radiopaque
- Struvite (ammonium) - radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Proteus vulgarism or Staph)
- Uric acid - radiolucent
71
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndroem (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
72
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
73
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
74
Male cancer
Prostatic carcionma
75
Malignancy associated with non infectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
76
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
77
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
78
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
79
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
80
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
81
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
82
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
83
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
84
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
85
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E coli, Pseduomonas aeruginosa
86
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
87
opening snap
mitral stenosis
88
opportunistic infection in AIDs
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
89
Osteomyelitis
S aureus
90
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
91
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S aureus
92
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
93
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
94
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
95
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
96
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
97
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult ~ 65
CML: adult 30-60
98
PID
Chlamydia trachomatis,
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae
99
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
100
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
101
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
102
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
103
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
105
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency)
106
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
107
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
108
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
109
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
110
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling (L-to-R shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure [CHF])
111
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
112
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
113
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
114
SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
115
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
116
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
117
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
118
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison sydnroem (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
119
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
120
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
121
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
122
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
123
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
124
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
125
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
126
Tumor in infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
127
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malginant)
129
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predomince, lymphocytic depletion)
130
Type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
131
UTI
E coli, Staph saprophyticus (young women)
132
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
133
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
134
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
135
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
136
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
137
Aneurysm, dissecting
Hypertension
138
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Atherosclerosis
139
Aortic aneurysm, arch
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
140
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Marfan syndroem (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
141
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
142
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
143
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
H pylori
144
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Strep pneumo
145
Bacterial meningitis (newborns)
Group B strep/E coli
146
Bacterial meningitis (kids)
S pneumo, N meningitidis
147
Benign melanocytic nevus
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
148
Bleeding disorder with GP1b deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
149
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytomoa (including glioblastoma multiform) > meningioma > schwannoma
150
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
151
Breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
152
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopausal women)
153
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
154
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
155
Cardiac manifestations of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
156
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve"_
157
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
158
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
159
Chronic atrophic gastritis
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
160
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
161
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
162
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
163
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
164
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liber)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
165
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
166
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
167
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
168
Cushing syndrome
- Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
169
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
170
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
171
Death in CML
Blast crisis
172
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
173
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
174
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
175
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
176
Dietary deficit
Iron
177
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
178
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
179
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
180
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S aureus, B cereus
181
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
182
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
183
Heart murmur, congenital
MVP
184
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
185
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
186
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
187
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
188
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of HCC)
189
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hep B and C and with alcoholism)
190
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
191
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
192
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
193
HLA-DR3, DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
194
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
195
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
196
Hypertension, secondary
Renal disease
197
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
198
Hypopituaritism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
199
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hep C
200
Infections in chromic granulomatous disease
Staph aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
201
Kidney stones
- Calcium - radiopaque
- Struvite (ammonium) - radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Proteus vulgarism or Staph)
- Uric acid - radiolucent
202
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndroem (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
203
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
204
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
205
Male cancer
Prostatic carcionma
206
Malignancy associated with non infectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
207
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
208
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
209
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
210
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
211
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
212
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
213
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
214
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
215
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
216
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E coli, Pseduomonas aeruginosa
217
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
218
opening snap
mitral stenosis
219
opportunistic infection in AIDs
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
220
Osteomyelitis
S aureus
221
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
222
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S aureus
223
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
224
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
225
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
226
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
227
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
228
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult ~ 65
CML: adult 30-60
229
PID
Chlamydia trachomatis,
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae
230
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
231
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
232
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
233
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
234
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
235
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
236
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency)
237
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
238
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
239
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
240
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
241
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling (L-to-R shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure [CHF])
242
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
243
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
244
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
245
SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
246
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
247
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
248
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
249
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison sydnroem (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
250
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
251
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
252
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
253
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
254
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
255
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
256
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
257
Tumor in infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
258
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
259
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malginant)
260
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predomince, lymphocytic depletion)
261
Type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
262
UTI
E coli, Staph saprophyticus (young women)
263
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
264
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
