2016 Prac

Question 1

Which of the following colours would you use to describe a tissue that had a high collagen fibre content? a. red b. purple c. white d. yellow e. green

Answer 1

c. white

Question 2

2. Which one of the following statements about organs is CORRECT? a. The lung has no nerves. b. The skin has no muscles. c. The lung has no cartilage. d. The skin has no epithelium. e. All of the above are false.

Answer 2

e. All of the above are false.

Question 3

3. Which of the following best describes the differences between smooth and skeletal muscles? Smooth muscle / Skeletal muscle a. Less myoglobin / More myoglobin b. Better vascular system / Less well-vascularised c. Only found in blood vessels / Attached to the skeleton d. Attached to tendons / Only found attached to bone e. Is firm to the touch / Is spongy to the touch

Answer 3

a. Less myoglobin / More myoglobin

Question 4

4. Which of the following best describes the stomach of a ruminant (e.g. a sheep)?. a. The ruminant’s stomach is adapted for a high protein diet b. The ruminant’s stomach is adapted for a high fibre (cellulose) diet c. There is greater reliance on enzymatic (chemical) digestion than in a monogastric animal d. There is greater reliance on mechanical digestion than in a monogastric animal e. There is a single chamber within which food is broken down

Answer 4

b. The ruminant’s stomach is adapted for a high fibre (cellulose) diet

Question 5

5. Which of the following organs contributes to storing red blood cells in adult humans? a. Heart b. Pancreas c. Liver d. Spleen e. Kidney

Answer 5

d. Spleen

Question 6

8. The following results were obtained from a PhysioEx simulation in which two beakers were separated by membranes with molecular weight cut offs (MWCO) of 20, 50, 100 or 200. The left beaker contained the solutes listed below while the right beaker contained distilled water. Dialysis results (AVERAGE DIFFUSION RATE in mM/min) Membrane (MWCO) Solute 20 / 50 / 100 / 200 Na+/Cl- 9 Mm 0 / 0.0150 / 0.0150 / 0.0150 Urea 9 Mm 0 / 0 / 0.0094 / 0.0094 Glucose 9 Mm 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.0040 Albumin 9 Mm 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 Which one of the following statements is a CORRECT interpretation of these results? a. The molecular weight of Na+ and Cl- must each be greater than 50 b. The molecular weight of urea must be between 20 and 50 c. The molecular weight of urea must be equal to 100 d. The molecular weight of glucose must be between 100 and 200 e. The molecular weight of albumin must be less than 200.

Answer 6

d. The molecular weight of glucose must be between 100 and 200

Question 7

14. Which of the following combinations is CORRECT? Characterised by: Example: a. Loose connective tissue / Random arrangement of collagen fibres / Flexor & extensor tendons b. Dense connective tissue / Densely packed, ordered collagen fibres / Elastic tissues that underlie skin (fascia) c. Adipose tissue / Cells with large lipid stores / Tissue between the toes of the cow d. Cartilage / Firm but flexible tissue / Limb bones of cow e. Bone / Calcified supporting tissue / Articular surfaces of joints

Answer 7

c. Adipose tissue / Cells with large lipid stores / Tissue between the toes of the cow

Question 8

Which of the following inserts onto the distal phalynx of the bovine limb (the ‘coffin’ bone)? a. The intraosseus b. Deep digital flexor c. Superficial digital flexor d. Annular ligaments e. Collateral ligaments

Answer 8

b. Deep digital flexor

Question 9

The periosteum ____________________

Answer 9

conveys blood vessels to bones

Question 10

Consider a blood pressure cuff used on an arm to measure arterial pressure, according to the method described in your BMS107 laboratory manual. Which ONE of the following is a CORRECT statement when cuff pressure is IN BETWEEN systolic and diastolic blood pressures? a. The radial pulse will be stronger than without the cuff because blood is trapped in the arm b. A radial pulse will not be felt in that arm c. Korotkoff sounds will not be heard because blood flow in that arm is laminar d. Blood flow in the arteries of that arm will only occur during some phases of the cardiac cycle e. Korotkoff sounds will be heard in that arm when heart valves slam shut during diastole

Answer 10

d. Blood flow in the arteries of that arm will only occur during some phases of the cardiac cycle

Question 11

Three identical cylinders contain solutions of 20%, 40% and 80% glycerol (in water). A BMS107 student simultaneously drops a glass bead into each of the cylinders. Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The presence of glycerol increases the likelihood of turbulent flow in the tubes b. All three beads will reach the bottom of the tube at the same time, because gravity is acting equally on all beads c. The 40% glycerol solution is less viscous than the 20% glycerol solution d. The resistance to flow is lowest in the 80% glycerol solution e. The bead in the 20% glycerol solution will reach the bottom of the tube first

Answer 11

e. The bead in the 20% glycerol solution will reach the bottom of the tube first

Question 12

Consider how gravity affects blood pressure in a person standing VERTICALLY. Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Blood pressure in the head is not affected by body position b. Gravity does not contribute significantly to the blood pressure gradient in a standing person c. Blood pressure is highest at the level of the heart regardless of body position d. Blood pressure is higher in the feet than in the head e. Blood pressure is equal at the head, heart and feet

Answer 12

d. Blood pressure is higher in the feet than in the head

Question 13

In your practical class, you estimated central venous pressure (CVP) by raising a subject’s arm above their head. Which ONE of the following statements CORRECTLY explains why the subject’s veins suddenly collapse in the experiment? a. CVP is less than diastolic pressure b. Systolic pressure is greater than CVP c. CVP is less than pulse pressure d. Force due to gravity is greater than CVP e. CVP is more than diastolic pressure

Answer 13

d. Force due to gravity is greater than CVP

Question 14

Which of the following is FALSE regarding cartilage? a. Cartilage acts as scaffolding in the growth plate for bone growth, allowing osteoblasts to line up and create bony spicules (trabeculae). b. The intervertebral disc contains the annulus fibrosus which is composed primarily of hyaline cartilage. c. In a synovial joint, the cartilage surface from opposing bones is termed ‘artilcular cartilage.’ d. Chondrocytes secrete extracellular matrix within cartilage. e. Cartilage is avascular

Answer 14

b. The intervertebral disc contains the annulus fibrosus which is composed primarily of hyaline cartilage.

Question 15

Which of the following adequately describes an arteriole? a. Flattened endothelium, prominent internal and elastic lamellae, elastin layer b. Flattened endothelium, 3-4 layer thick tunica media, some elastin c. Plump endothelium, thick tunica media, site of gaseous exchange d. Plump endothelium, 3-4 layer thick tunica media, controls pressure and flow to organ e. Plump endothelium, thick tunica media, elastin layer

Answer 15

d. Plump endothelium, 3-4 layer thick tunica media, controls pressure and flow to organ

Question 16

In the liver, the portal triad drains oxygenated blood to the ________ .

Answer 16

Central vein

Question 17

6. Which of the following is TRUE? a. Osteocytes line bony spicules (trabecular bone) and lay down osteoid (new bone). b. Chondrocytes are retained in mature bone. c. Bone marrow is comprised of adipose tissue and haematopoietic cells (progenitor cells, blood-forming cell). d. Osteoblasts form the scaffolding required for bone formation in the growth plate. e. Chondrocytes lay down (osteoid) bone matrix to promote bone growth

Answer 17

c. Bone marrow is comprised of adipose tissue and haematopoietic cells (progenitor cells, blood-forming cell).

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the importance of the cerebrospinal fluid within the subarachnoid space of the brain case. a. It keeps the brain cool b. It provides a lubricating function so that the brain can move around inside the skull c. It helps transport chemicals and hormones around the brain d. It helps prevent electrical information from leaking out of the brain e. It cushions the brain and protects it from sudden movements and impacts

Answer 18

e. It cushions the brain and protects it from sudden movements and impacts

Question 19

What is the optic chiasm? a. It is a depression or fissure in the surface of the brain b. It secretes melatonin which regulates circadian rhythms c. It is the start of the optic nerve at the back of the eyeballs d. Is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross e. It is a vestigial remnant of the “third eye” in mammals

Answer 19

d. Is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross

Question 20

What is the tapetum lucidum? a. It is a depression or fissure in the surface of the brain b. It secretes melatonin which regulates circadian rhythms c. It is the start of the optic nerve at the back of the eyeballs d. It reflects light over the photoreceptors e. It is a vestigial remnant of the “third eye” in mammals

Answer 20

d. It reflects light over the photoreceptors

Question 21

2. In one of the sensory practical class exercises, student volunteers placed one hand in cold water and the other hand in hot water for about 1 minute, and then transferred both hands to lukewarm water. On transferring both hands into the lukewarm water, the temperature on each hand felt different. The observations from this exercise demonstrated which ONE of the following? a. Cold receptors are much more sensitive to cold temperatures than hot receptors are to hot temperatures b. The sensitivity of hot and cold receptors was increased by the initial 1-minute immersion in hot and cold water c. Hot and cold receptors adapted during the initial 1-minute immersion and had to re-adapt to the lukewarm temperature d. Warm temperature receptors were temporarily inactivated when the hands were placed in hot and cold water e. Thermoreceptors are unevenly distributed, with more cold receptors than hot receptors

Answer 21

c. Hot and cold receptors adapted during the initial 1-minute immersion and had to re-adapt to the lukewarm temperature

Question 22

3. The vomeronasal organ is involved in which ONE of the following? a. Chemodetection b. Nociception c. Vocalisation (noise production) d. Thermodetection e. Mechanodetection

Answer 22

a. Chemodetection

Question 23

4. One of the practical class exercises involved shining a light into one eye and observing the response in both eyes. Which ONE of the following correctly describes what was found in this exercise? a. Pupillary constriction occurred in the eye into which the light was shone but the size of the pupil in the other eye did not change b. Pupillary constriction was identical in both eyes c. Pupillary dilation was identical in both eyes d. Pupillary constriction in the eye into which light was shone was greater than the pupillary constriction in the other eye e. Pupillary constriction in the eye into which light was shone was less than the pupillary constriction in the other eye

Answer 23

b. Pupillary constriction was identical in both eyes

Question 24

In the practical class exercise that assessed the contribution of the visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems to the maintenance of posture and balance, a student volunteer was asked to rotate their head from side to side, as if indicating “no”. This movement was detected by which ONE of the following? a. Utricle b. Saccule c. Both the utricle and saccule d. All three semicircular canals e. Horizontal semicircular canal

Answer 24

e. Horizontal semicircular canal

Question 25

Answer 25

Dye A: Moved by simple diffusion
Dye B: Moved by facilitated diffusion

Question 26

Answer 26

e. Osmotic pressure will build up in the left-hand beaker

Question 27

Answer 27

D. 6mM / 3mM

Question 28

Answer 28

e.
Collecting tubules
Collect urine from nephrons
A

Question 29

Answer 29

d. D shows smooth muscle tissues

Question 30

Answer 30

a. A shows ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 31

Answer 31

C. A and C

Question 32

Answer 32

c. Hyaline cartilage would be found at D

Question 33

Answer 33

E. Both c & d

Question 34

Answer 34

C. Forebrain.

D. Diencephalon

Question 35

Answer 35

d. The pathway ABD is excitatory and the pathway ACE is inhibitory

Question 36

Answer 36

a. Node of Ranvier

Question 37

Answer 37

C

Question 38

Answer 38

b. A fascicle containing axons and surrounded by perineurium

Question 39

Answer 39

D