oxygenation

Question 1

What are the 4 types of hypoxia?

Answer 1

• hypoxemia hypoxia
• anemic hypoxia
• circulatory hypoxia
• histotoxic hypoxia

Question 2

What is hypoxemia hypoxia?

Answer 2

lower than normal PaO2, ascent to altitude, hypoventilation

Question 3

What is anemic hypoxia?

Answer 3

lower than normal red blood cell count (anemia), abnormal hemoglobin (carboxyhemoglobin)

Question 4

What is circulatory hypoxia?

Answer 4

reduced cardiac output, decreased tissue perfusion

Question 5

What is histotoxic hypoxia?

Answer 5

cyanide poisoning

Question 6

What are the causes of hypoxemia?

Answer 6

• hypoventilation
• V/Q mismatch
• diffusion defect
• shunt

Question 7

Hypoxemia is not what?

Answer 7

hypoxia

Question 8

What is the levels of hypoxemia?

Answer 8

-normal (80-100)
-mild (60-79)
moderate (45-59)
-severe (<45)

Question 9

Oxygen delivery depends on what 3 things?

Answer 9

• FiO2
• CaO2
• CMO

Question 10

What do you look for when assessing oxygenation?

Answer 10

• FiO2 -Abnormal Hb -SvO2, CvO2
• SaO2 -PaO2/FiO2 ratio PvO2
• SpO2 -PaO2/PAO2
• PaO2 -shunt
• Hb levels -CMO

Question 11

What are the strategies to improve oxygenation?

Answer 11

• increase FiO2
• improve ventilation and reduce VD
• Assess Hb
• PEEP/CPAP
• improve circulation
• consider inverse ratio (I:E)/APRV/proning
• consider ECMO, HFV, or hyperbaric

Question 12

What is a good rule of thumb to remember when looking for expected PaO2?

Answer 12

FiO2 x 5= expected PaO2

Question 13

Where should you keep PaO2 for a COPD patient?

Answer 13

between 50-60 torr

Question 14

What is the relationship between FiO2 AND PaO2?

Answer 14

Linear

Question 15

What is the equation for adjusting FiO2

Answer 15

PaO2 (known)/ FiO2 (known) = PaO2 (desired)/ FiO2 (desired)