2017 Final Vocab Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Note Heads
A
If the pitch is below the middle line, the stem goes up. If the pitch is above the middle line, the stem goes down.
2
Q
Articulation
A
(Envelope) It’s composed of the attack, the sustain, and release
3
Q
A symmetrical Meters
A
Meters that have beats of uneven length. Anything that does not have even beats. For Example: 5/8 or 9/8
4
Q
Double Dot
A
Extends to dotted note value, by half the length of the first dot.
5
Q
Subdivision
A
The division of the beat into two or three equal parts.
6
Q
Natural
A
Erases any sharp or flat
7
Q
Rhythm
A
Series of varing durations of of sound and silence.
8
Q
Neutral / Percussion Clef
A
No pitch, only duration and attack
9
Q
Grand Staff
A
Connected treble and bass cleff staff
10
Q
Dynamics
A
Amplitude (wave height) how shallow/deep the wave is
11
Q
Double Flat
A
Lowers the pitch by two half steps
12
Q
Alto/Tenor Clef
A
Designates middle C aka C4
13
Q
Cautionary Accidental
A
In parenthesis is a reminder of the previous accidental or key signature
14
Q
Duple
A
The beats per measure. If the to number is 2 or 6, its duple. (Time signature)
15
Q
Dot
A
Extends the value of a single note, by half of it’s original value.
16
Q
Enharmonic
A
The same pitch with two different names. For example (A# and Bb)
17
Q
Double sharp
A
Reuses the pitch by two half steps
18
Q
Meter (Time signature)
A
The organization of beats into regular groups of two, three, or four. Has the beat is sub divided
19
Q
Syncopation
A
Rhythmic displacement of the strong beat
20
Q
Tempo
A
The speed of the beat
21
Q
Triple
A
Three beats per measure. * If the top number is 3 or 9, it’s triple*
22
Q
Tripilet
A
Dividing a regular duration into 3
23
Q
Quadruple
A
Four beats per measure * If the top number is 4 or 12, it’s quadruple*
24
Q
Chromatic
A
The smallest distance between pitches in a scale
25
Anacrusis
Pick a note. *The the last measure of the piece is incomplete, to balance out the pick up note.
26
Hemiola
A type of syncopation in triple meter, in which the beat is temporarily grouped into two instead of three.
27
Duration (Value)
The length of time, sound or silence occurs
28
Bass Clef
F Clef
29
Pitch
The frequency of the sound (Wave length) the distance between one wae and the next. Frequency is the vibration of times per second
30
Flat
Lowers the pitch by one half step
31
Duplet
When two notes divide a beat, instead of three
32
Sharp
Raises the pitch by one half step
33
Timbre
Tone color different sound of an instrument or voice
34
Beat
A regular and recurring pulse that divides music into units of time
35
Tonic
The first scale degree of a diatonic scale
36
Supertonic
The second scale degree of a diatonic scale
37
Mediant
The third scale degree of a diatonic scale
38
Submediant
The sixth scale degree of a diatonic scale
39
Raised Submediant
The sixth scale degree of a diatonic scale is raised
40
Subtonic
The scale degree below the tonic. (more specifically) the flattered seventh
41
Leading Tone
The seventh tone or degree of a scale that is a half tone below the tonic
42
Modes
A mode is a scale with a different pattern (set) of whole and half steps. (I don't play loud music at lunch)
43
Ionian
Major scale built on the first scale degree of a major scale
44
Dorian
Built on the second degree of the major scale
45
Phrygian
Built on the third degree of the major scale
46
Lydian
Built on the fourth degree of the major scale
47
Mixolydian
Particular octave species or scale
48
Aeolian
A diatonic scale called the natural minor scale
49
Locrian
The scale obtained by sharpening the second and third notes of the diatonic scale
50
Harmonic Minor
The seventh note is raised one semitone both ascending and descending
51
Melodic Minor
The sixth and seventh degrees are raised when ascending and lowered descending
52
Natural Minor
The diatonic intervals being whole steps except those half steps between 2-3 and 5-6
53
Accidental
A sign indicating a momentary departure from the key signature by raising or lowering a note
54
Blues scale
A musical scale having intervals that mutate between major and minor
55
Circle of fifths
The relationship among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale
56
Chromatic
Relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage is written
57
Diatonic
Involving only notes proper to the prevailing key without chromatic alteration
58
Key
Group of pitches or scale that form the basis of a music composition
59
Key Signature
Is a set or sharp, flat, and rarely natural symbols placed together on the staff
60
Major and Minor pentachord
A series of five consecutive notes of a scale
61
Major Tetrachord
A series of 4 notes separated by three smaller intervals
62
Major
The larger third, gives it a happy tone
63
Modality
More ancient system of organized scales based on the displacement of the tonic note along a arrangement of seven natural tones
64
Octatonic scale
Any eight note diatonic scale
65
Pentatonic
Five notes per octave in contrast to a seven note scale
66
Whole-tone scale
A scalar arrangement of pitches, each separated from the next by a whole-tone step
67
Relative key
The major and minor scales that have the same key signatures
68
Parallel Key
Those tones that have the same tonic
69
Scale variance
The use of natural harmonic, and melodic minor within one composition
70
Tonal
Is in a major or minor key
71
Tonality
The arrangement of pitches or chords or a musical work
72
Interval
The distance of any two notes or pitches
73
Octave
The distance between the 1st and 8th scale degree
74
Perfect
Identifies the distance between the first note of a major scale and the unison, 4th, 5th, octave
75
Major
Interval including major 2,3,6,7 and diatonic scale
76
Minor
Are diatonic
77
Consonance
Set of intervals that sound good to the ear
78
Dissonance
Lack of harmony in musical notes
79
Augmented
Perfect or major interval raised by a half step
80
Dimished
Are narrower by one semitene than perfect or minor intervals of the same interval number
81
Enharmonic
Intervals with the same sound that are spelled differently
82
Tri-Tone
Is an augmented 4th or diminished 5th (The devils interval) - the simpsons
83
Perfect fourth and fifth
Fourth (the wedding march) fifth (abc)
84
Inversion
The lower tone of an interval becomes the higher tone 3rds and 6ths are opposites 2nd and 7ths opposites when invert an interval the mood switches
85
Compound
An interval greater than an octave
86
Simple
Any interval in a diatonic scale
87
Melodic
Two notes played in sequence (linear)
88
Harmonic
Two notes played at the same time (Vertical)
89
Harmony
The musical result of tones sounding together
90
Chord
A harmonic unit with at least three different tones sounding simultaneously
91
Triad
A three - tone chord
92
Tertain
Any piece, chord, conterpoint constructed from the intervals of (major and minor) 3rds
93
Root
Is the pitch from which a triad is generated
94
Major triad
Consists of a major third and a perfect fifth
95
Minor triad
Consists of a minor third and a perfect fifth
96
Diminished triad
Consists of a minor third and a diminished 5th
97
Augmented Triad
Consist of a major third and an augmented 5th
98
Primary Triads
Built on the tonic, subdominant and dominant. Tonic is in the center. The dominant is a perfect 5th above. The subdominant is a perfect 5th below
99
Triad Position
Any of the three notes of the triad can appear as the lowest-sounding pitch
100
Root Position
If the root of the triad is the lowest sounding pitch
101
First inversion
If the third factor is the lowest-sounding pitch
102
Second Inversion
If the fifth factor is the lowest-sounding pitch
103
Organum
Building chords off of a melody
104
Figured bass
Consists of a bass part (single line) with figures (mostly numbers) below to indicate the type of harmony
105
Roman Numerals
Are used to distinguish triads based on scale degrees
106
Simple position
When triads are reduced to three notes spaced as close together as possible
107
Third inversion
One 7th is in the boss choard
108
Realization
You put all the notes into the staff that belong to that chord
109
Circle progression
The solid slur is attached to adjacent letter symbols whose roots are either an ascending 4th or a descending 5th part
110
Leading - Tone Progression
The dotted slur is corrected to leading-tone chords whose roots resolve up a half step. The dotted slur indicates that we of a related chord as a substitute
111
Rhythmic cadence
Phrase endings that often contain characteristic rhythmic patterns
112
Harmonic cadence
A progression of at least two chords that concludes a phrase, section, on piece of music
113
Unaccented passing tones
Passes between two notes a third apart (in other words fills in the gap) on an unnaccented part of the bar so the dissonance is not very prominent
114
Double neighboring tones
Changing tones two changing tones resembling neighboring tones with a missing middle tone
115
Accented nonharmonic tones
Are the accented passing tone, neighbor tone, suspension, retandation, and appoggiatura
116
Unaccented neighboring tone
Approached by step if then return by step to original note
117
Nonharmonic tones
Are pitches that sound along with a chord but are not chord pitches
118
Changing tones
Consist of two successive nonharmonic tones
119
Unaccented nonharmonic tones
Are the unaccented passing tone neighboring tone, escaping tone, and anticipation
120
Anticipation
Occour only as unaccented nonharmonic tones
121
Retardation
Is a nonharmonic tone similar to a suspension, except that the resolution is upward instead of downward
122
Neighbor group
Changing tones or double neighbor tones. Two changing tones resembling neighboring tones with a missing tone
123
Appoggiatura
A nonharmonic tone that is apprached by a skip and resolved by a step in the opposite direction
124
Suspension
Only occurs and an accented nonharmonic tone. Resolution is downward
125
Accented passing tone
If a passing tone occurs with the second chord (instead in the middle of the chords)
126
Accented neighboring tone
Neighboring tone that occurs in the same chord
127
Escape tone
Occur only as unaccented nonharmonic tones
128
Successive passing tones
Two passing tones occasionally fill an interval of the fourth. Both passing tones can be accented or a combination of accented and unaccented
129
Pedal Tone
Is a held or repeated note, usually in the lowest voice
130
Inverted pedal tone
When a pedal tone occurs above other voices
131
Imitation
A literal repetition in the same voice or in multiple-voice compositions requested in another part. Different motives or voices that repeat each other
132
Rhythmic Displacement
Repeats the original melody but at a different place in the measure. Start on beat 3, you start on beat 4 and play it in its entirety a beat off
133
Augmentation
A term of rhythmic variation where the pitches remain the same but the rhythms are lengthened-note values are made longer
134
Diminution
The opposite of augmentation where the note values are shortened
