2018 AS Paper 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Name the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
What is a monomer
a repeating unit from which larger polymers can be made
Give 1 similarity and difference between the structure of lactulose and lactose
- both contain glycosidic bond
- lactulose has fructose, lactose has glucose
Using your knowledge of water potential explain how lactulose can be used to help those suffering from constipation
lactulose lowers the water potential of faeces as water enters by osmosis to soften the faeces
Draw and label a single DNA nucleotide
little circle = phosphate
pentagon = deoxyribose
rectangle = base
Give two features of DNA and explain how each one is important in semi-conservative DNA replication
- weak hydrogen bonds between bases easy to break
- 2 strands so both can act as templates
Name 4 components of a prokaryotic cell
- cell membrane
- cell wall
- capsule
- flagella
Biological molecules present in cell membrane and cell wall (prokaryotic cells)
cell membrane = phospholipids
cell wall = murein
Name the process by which prokaryotic cells divide
binary fission
Components of a triglyceride
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol
ester bonds
Describe how you would test for the presence of lipid and how you’d recognise a positive result
- add ethanol, then water and shake
- milky white emulsion appears if lipids are present
What does a hierarchy show
smaller groups within larger groups with no overlaps
What is the proteome of a cell
the full range of proteins in a cell
Give 2 structural differences between mRNA and tRNA
- tRNA contains anticodon, mRNA contains codon
- tRNA contains amino acid binding site, mRNA does not
Describe how translation leads to the production of a polypeptide
- mRNA associates with a ribosome
- ribosome moves to the start codon
- tRNA brings specific amino acid
- anticodon on tRNA binds to complementary codon on mRNA
- ribosome moves along to next codon
State and explain the property of water which helps to buffer changes in temperature
high specific heat capacity so takes alot of heat to change temperature
Name the 2 products of ATP hydrolysis
ADP and Pi
Describe the pathway taken by an oxygen molecule from an alveolus into the blood
diffuses across alveolar epithelium into the capillary epithelium
Explain how one feature of an alveolus allows for efficient gas exchange to occur
one cell thick, short diffusion distance
