2020

Question 1

definition of translucency

Answer 1

the ability of a material to allow light to pass through however, this light is either scattered by one of the surfaces or internally, leading to a blurring of the transmitted light

Question 2

definition of opalescence

Answer 2

ability of a translucent material to appear blue in reflected light and yellow in transmitted light

Question 3

how does silane coupling agent work

Answer 3

hydroxyl groups at one end , C=C at the other
hydroxyl groups bond with oxide groups on ceramic surface
C=C interacts with similar groups on the (composite) luting agent

Question 4

function of silane in composite restorative material

Answer 4

chemically bonds filler particles and resin matrix together

Question 5

four main features of a randomised controlled trial

Answer 5

comparison group
allocation concealment
randomised group allocation
blinding of researchers

Question 6

describe how randomisation can be implemented in a RCT

Answer 6

use a computer based programme to randomly allocate each person to either group. This means each patient will have the same chance of being in either group

Question 7

name 4 patient related factors that may need to be considered when analysing results of RCT concerning teeth

Answer 7

age
medical history
tooth condition
smoking status
tooth type

Question 8

standards developed to improve reporting of RCTs?

Answer 8

CONSORT guidelines

Question 9

4 questions to ask a smoker?

Answer 9

how long have you smoked?
how many a day?
What do you smoke?
how soon after waking up do you have a cigarette?
have you ever tried to quit in the past?
would you like help quitting now?

Question 10

definition of dependence

Answer 10

being controlled by and relying on

Question 11

what are the 3 As

Answer 11

ask
advise
act

Question 12

two evidence based methods for smoking cessation

Answer 12

nicotine replacement therapy
varenicline (champix)

Question 13

what to do if patient doesnt want smoking cessation help now

Answer 13

document the conversation and advice given in notes.
Make note to revisit the topic at next appointment in case changed his mind.
If available give a leaflet with helpline numbers

Question 14

how to clinically assess antero -posterior relationship

Answer 14

palpate anterior concavities of mandible and maxilla using index and middle finger
visually assess side on
maxilla should ideally be 2-3mm anterior to mandible

Question 15

how to clinically assess vertical skeletal relationship

Answer 15

assess FMPA - frankfort and mandibular planes ideally should meet at external occipital protuberence
Determine ratio of LAFH:TAFH - average is lower is 50% of TAFH

Question 16

how would you describe the developmental skeletal relationship of someone with a class III incisor relationship

Answer 16

mandibular prognathism
maxillary hypoplasia

Question 17

reference plane for OPT

Answer 17

frankfort

Question 18

three features of ghost images

Answer 18

horizontally magnified
higher up
opposite side

Question 19

what setting of OPT could you use for a child

Answer 19

p4

Question 20

advantages of extracting 1st permanent molars at the ideal time

Answer 20

spontaneous closure of space
caries free dentition

Question 21

disadvantages of extracting 1st permanent molars of poor prognosis

Answer 21

anxiety surrounding future treatment
risks assosciated with GA
loss of a molar for functional purposes e.g eating

Question 22

what two methods of anaesthesia might a child require to have molars removed

Answer 22

general anaesthetic
inhalation sedation

Question 23

what guidance should we refer to for treating patients taking warfarin surrounding timings of INR

Answer 23

SDCEP - within 24 hours
NICE - 72 hours if INR stable

Question 24

3 examples of post op bleeding management

Answer 24

prolonged pressure with damp gauze
sutures
La with vasoconstrictor
pack with surgicel
diathermy

Question 25

how would you describe total loss of sensation in a nerve

Answer 25

anaesthesia

Question 26

three clinical reasons for nerve damage

Answer 26

transected during surgery cut during flap design crushed during tooth extraction LA injected directly into nerve

Question 27

two acts of law related to disabled people

Answer 27

Equality act 2010 Disability discrimination act 2005

Question 28

name two alternative methods of communication for someone with cerebral palsy

Answer 28

eye tracking technology picture board

Question 29

what aspect of cerebral palsy may impact access to mouth and how might this be overcome

Answer 29

uncontrollable muscle spasm bedi mouth prop unbreakable mirror head

Question 30

4 physical characteristics of downs syndrome (not mouth)

Answer 30

deep groove between first and second toes single deep crease on palm short neck with excess skin at the back small head, ears and mouth

Question 31

genetic change responsible for downs syndrome

Answer 31

trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 32

2 features of downsyndrome likely to contribute to increased incidence of dental disease

Answer 32

impaired ability to self care - decreased OH systemic immunodeficiency

Question 33

name four risk factors for mouth cancer

Answer 33

smoking alcohol immunosuppresion diet low in fruit and vegetables

Question 34

what two pieces of info about a patients radiotherapy would you need to know

Answer 34

total dose field

Question 35

how would you treat a tooth in a patient with increased risk of ORN whos coronal portion is unrestorable

Answer 35

endodontic treatment and coronectomy

Question 36

management of ORN

Answer 36

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Question 37

what is each part of PPE protecting you from during manual cleaning

Answer 37

heavy duty rubber gloves - sharps injuries Apron - splashes Visor - aerosols

Question 38

how often should an ultrasonic be de gassed

Answer 38

every time it is refilled from empty

Question 39

why should handpieces not be placed in ultrasonic

Answer 39

may be damaged by ultrasonic activity should not be immersed as water in lumen will prevent sterilisation

Question 40

4 microbial stages of caries plaque formation

Answer 40

adhesion colonisation maturation acid production

Question 41

name 2 key virulence factors of s.mutans

Answer 41

ATPase - pH control glucans - attachment

Question 42

name a virulence factor of enterococcus faecalis

Answer 42

adhesins

Question 43

why is it difficult to implicate a specific bacteria in endodontic infections

Answer 43

hard to achieve a sterile sample

Question 44

name a culture independent method of looking at microorganisms

Answer 44

next generation sequencing

Question 45

limitations of next generation sequences

Answer 45

able to tell us what is present but gives limited info on clinical significance - cant tell us what each species is doing