2020 Flashcards

Question

Strengthen Community Action

Answer 1

- Getting communities involved in the process of identifying, planning and implementing health improvement plans - Communities that take ownership of their health concerns or of their health concerns of of their health promotion campaigns are more likely to experience success in reducing the effect of it.

Answer 2

- Encourage PREVENTION not CURE

Answer 3

- Health promotion that is locked up by legislation that forces/encourages healthy choices/behaviours - This is a critical final stage of health promotion as it seeks to support health promotion initiatives - Government oversee the long term planning of health promotion. Eg Australians tobacco campaign - quit now State = charged with implementation of state laws and oversea various health initiatives set out by the federal and state government Local Government = Charged with the implementation of many state laws and oversea various health initiatives set out by the federal and state government International Organisation = Include the world health organisation (W.H.O) and Unicef. W.H.O set ideal standards of health that countries strive for achieve or work towards

Answer 4

1) Individual/Behavioural Approach lifestyle: if the individual is given relevant information about health lifestyles then they will be able to live a healthier life. 2) Preventative Medical Approach - This health approach focuses on the idea of "preventing the health problem/issue from occurring or limiting its impact - can involves the use of drugs, immunisation 3) Public health approach - seeks to change some of the 'social determinants' associated with being healthy low education fees, parent involvement in school/clubs, welfare program

Answer 5

We have control over or can change - Diet, level of physical activity and whether we partake in risky activities. smoking, drinking etc Our willingness to change depends on - our ability to source information - the level of control we feel we feel we have - the level of skill we have

Answer 6

- Refers to factors that we cannot change - An individuals predisposition to certain diseases - we cannot change our genes, advancing age and gender - Environment (to a lesser extent) is also classified as non modifiable due to economic forces like cast of land, location or industry and location of cheaper housing.

Answer 7

1) Government - Federal, state, government 2) Non-government organisation 3) Community groups and schools 4) International organisations - W.H.O, Unicef 5) Individuals

Answer 8

1) support for the body, give shape 2) Protect vital organs and soft tissue 3) Assist in movement by providing attachment for muscles 4) Storage of essential minerals: calcium and phospherus

Answer 9

Long and short = generally act as levers to or transfer forces Flat = Provide protection for vital organs

Answer 10

1) Articular cartilage = softer but hard wearing covering at the end of bones where the joints exist. prevents bones rubbing on each other and allows them to move freely 2) Compact bone = hard outer casing of the bone. 3) Cancellous bone = spongy bone, light but strong. Contains blood vessels, fat and blood forming tissue 4) Bone marrow = fill the centre cavity of the bone, contains blood vessels, fat and blood forming tissue

Answer 11

``` Superior = towards the head Inferior = towards the feet ``` ``` Anterior = towards the front Posterior = towards the back ``` ``` Medial = towards the middle lateral = towards the side of the body ``` ``` Proximal = towards the bodies mass Distal = away from the bodies mass ```

Answer 12

1) fibrous (immoveable) = a joint where no movement is possible - skull 2) Cartilaginous (slightly moveable) = a joint that permits limited movement - vertebral column 3) Synovial (freely moveable) = joints that allow maximum movement. most common types - shoulder

Answer 13

Ligaments (bone to bone) = fibrous, tough bonds that join bone to bone, they provide joint stability by limiting excessive movement. Tendons (muscle to bone) = a tough, inelastic cards that join muscle to bone, also provide stability as some tendons stretch across joints and assist ligaments to hold joint closed. Synovial fluid = acts as lubricant for joint. forms a fluid cushion for the joint and provides nutrients for the cartilage. Hyaline Cartilage = essentially the padding at the end of the bones where they 'articulate'. Has limited blood supply so relies on nourishment from the synovial fluid

Answer 14

Flexion Extension Abduction: movement away from body line adduction: movement towards the midline Circumduction: movement at the end of a bone in a circular motion rotation: movement of the body part around a central access Pronation: Rotation of hand so the thumb moves in towards the body Supernation: Rotation of hand so the thumb moves outward Eversion: Face the sole of the foot outwards - twist ankle out Inversion: Face the sole of foot inwards - twist ankle in Dorsi flexion: decrease joint angle at the ankle and foot Planter flexion: increase joint angle at ankle and foot Elevation: movement of shoulders towards head - shrugging shoulders Depression: movement of shoulders away from head - return shoulders to normal position

Answer 15

1) Ball and socket (shoulder joint) 2) Hinge joint (elbow joint) 3) Condyloid/ellipsoid (wrist joint) 4) Gliding/sliding (bones in wrist/ankles) 5) Pivot (neck, allows head to twist) 6) Saddle (thumb joint)

Answer 16

Agonist Antagonist Stabiliser: assists with the movement by giving the muscles a fixed base.

Answer 17

Concentric - muscle contracts to produce movement Eccentric - muscle relaxes to produce movement Isometric - muscle contracts and the size of the muscle remains unchanged Isotonic - muscle shortens to produce movement (concentric and eccentric)

Answer 18

The process of drawing oxygen into our body and removing carbon dioxide from inside our body is called respiration ``` nasal cavity mouth Pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli ``` Diaphragm

Answer 19

The diaphragm contracts (flattens) as the intercostal muscles move upwards and outwards

Answer 20

the diaphragm relaxes (bends upwards) as intercostal muscles lower the rib cage.

Answer 21

- blood vessels offload Carbon dioxide into the alveoli whilst Oxygen replaces it. - The difference in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels is called the 'concentration gradient' - The oxygen binds itself with the haemoglobin and at the same time carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood stream.

Answer 22

Lung capacity increases = volume of air in the lungs at different stages of the respiratory cycle - male 6L female 4.5L vital capacity = the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation Tidal volume = Normal resting breathing. total amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath Residual volume = volume of air left over after maximal expiration

Answer 23

1) transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products and carbon dioxide 2) protect the body via the immune system and clot to prevent blood loss 3) regulate body temp and fluid temperature

Answer 24

Plasma = 54% of blood. 92% water and 8% protein. in charge of transport and delivery of nutrients White blood cells = fight infection Platelets = clot bleeding red blood cells = carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies

Answer 25

heart = pump blood around the body arteries = carry blood away from the heart veins = carry blood to the heart capillaries = connect veins and arteries whilst distributing materials such as oxygen, between the blood and tissue cells.

Answer 26

Systemic circulation: the circuit of blood to and from the body Pulmonary circulation: the circuit of blood to and from the lungs

Answer 27

The process of the heart receiving blood and pumping to the lungs is called the cardiac cycle 1) diastole phase = the filling phase 2) systole phase = the atria contract to fill ventricles then the ventricle contracts to push blood under pressure to the lungs and other parts of the body.

Answer 28

the force exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels. it generally reflects the quantity of blood being pushed our of the heart and the ease or difficulty it encounters through the arteries. ``` affected by... cardiac output volume of blood circulation resistance to blood flow Venous return ``` two phases 1) Diastolic 2) Systolic

Answer 29

Health related 1) Muscular strength 2) Muscular endurance 3) cardiovascular endurance 4) flexibility 5) body composition Skill related 1) power 2) speed 3) agility 4) coordination 5) balence 6) reaction time

Answer 30

``` Frequency = 3-4 times/week Intensity = between 60%-80% depending on fitness level Time = changes but about 30 minutes per day Type = is the exercise valid? ```

Answer 31

Heart Rate = BPM Ventilation Rate = Amount of time spent inhaling and exhaling Stroke Volume = Amount of blood ejected by the heart per contraction Cardiac Output = The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute Lactate Levels = Chemical formed in the body during the breakdown of carbs in absence of oxygen. This increases to a point called the Lactate inflection point (80-90% of MHR). The accumulation of lactate and hydrogen irons is to great for the body to deal with

Answer 32

ASHES - Appreciating the environment - Stress management/relaxation - Health and fitness - Enjoyment, challenge and excitement - Social interaction

Answer 33

Water - adequate amounts. 4m above river bed Site - flat ground and free of sticks, rocks, bones, animals. clear of dead tree limbs. Sand or grass? Fires - are their fire bands? is there an existing fireplace Toilet Facility - Are there toilet facilities. position the toilet away from water supply and downwind camp Camp site waste disposal - carry put everything that is carried in. pick up any rubbish found Privacy and Shelter - is the area secluded? Does the site provide shelter from prevailing winds? sun or shade? Hazards - Swampy areas that may attract mosquitos. potential hazards like cliffs, dead trees, falling rocks and mine shafts

Answer 34

1) Forming - most team members are positive and polite. Leader plays a dominant role because groups roles and responsibilities aren't clear 2) Storming - Teams can fail. People may work in different ways, leading to conflict which can cause frustration. may challenge for authority. may question the worth of the team goal. 3) Norming - People may start to resolve differences, appreciate colleagues strengths and respect leaders. may socialise better, provide better constructive feedback and progress towards goal. may lapse between storming and norming 4) Transforming - little to none friction to achieving goal. The structures/processes set up are working well. leaders can delegate work and concentrate on developing team members 5) Adjourning - Completing their goal and moving on. some may find this hard

Answer 35

1) Autocratic (authoritarian) = their way or no way. may use threats or yelling. appropriate in emergency or high risk scenario 2) Democratic = Seeks input from participants but ultimately has the decision. not as effective when quick decision is needed 3) Strategic non-intervention = Similar to democratic but sets out rules and instructions and then lets the group decide on how to run themselves. They step in when there is safety issues and may guide pathways 4) Lassez-faire = Leader essentially does very little. allow all decision and choices to be made bu the group regardless of outcome

Answer 36

Administrator to help save a persons life or prevent the situation from getting worse DRSABCD Danger = check for dangers and hazards to everyone Response = Assess the level of consciousness of the casualty (C.O.W.S) Send for help Airways = Open, clear and maintain the casualties airways. Check for signs of life Breathing = if casualty is not breathing commence rescue breathing Compressions = If no signs of life commence cardiopulmonary resuscitation which is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths Defibrillation = Where possible ensure a defibrillator is utilised as quickly as possible

Answer 37

Determine an individuals ability to respond Can you hear me Open your eyes What is your name Squeeze my hands

Answer 38

``` Adult = 2 hands 1/3 of chest Kid = 1 hand 1/3 of chest baby = two fingers 1/3 of chest ```

Answer 39

1) Stroke Caused by a sudden blockage of blood to the brain -> signs/symptoms - slurred speech, blurred vision, pupils may be irregular size, loss of movement, possible seizures, possible loss of conscious -DRSABCD 2) Diabetes A condition where the body is unable to either enough produce or regulate insulin and causes high blood sugar -> signs/symptoms - loss of body weight despite increased appetite, increased urination, increased thirst and hunger, irritability, aggressiveness, possible palpitations, rapid pulse, profuse sweating, trembling, hunger, aggression, dizziness - meals at regular intervals, eat complex carbs not simple, regular exercise, appropriate timing of insulin, avoid large amounts of fat. DRSABCD, if conscious, administer glucose and drink as required 3) Asthma A condition whereby breathing difficulties are experienced due to constriction of airways in the lungs -> signs symptoms - tightness in chest, sweating and paleness, fast shallow breathing, hunched body posture, excessive throat clearing, laboured breathing, difficulty in exhalation, increase in pulse rate, wheezing noises - reassure the person, assist with medication, monitor breathing, provide water for them to drink, encourage controlled breathing and relaxation, seek medical help if their condition deteriorates

Answer 40

- used in non-life threatening situations - used to prevent further injury Stop Talk Observe Prevent Further Injury

Answer 41

Determine its severity. If emergency treatment is not needed Talk - get a clear picture of the incident Observe - look for obvious deformities Touch - Seek permission to lightly tough the affected area Active movement - Ask individual to move affected area Passive Movement - the first aider gently moves the effected area Skills test - Individual completes basic skills test to see if ok to continue

Answer 42

- During an emergency situation there are 'moral responsibilities to act in accordance with training. - Those first aid trained would be considered responsible to assist and irresponsible to do nothing - Can i help? should i help? what if i make the situation worse? - put them-self in their shoes - 'responsible citizenship' is the idea that people should help to the best of their ability. Basic common-sense is vital

Answer 43

- This involves obtaining information about the circumstances of the incident. - make sure as much information is gathered as possible. All descriptions are accurate and you remain impartial

Answer 44

1) Infection control and protection (HIV/AIDS, Blood borne viruses such as hepatitis, 2) Legal and Moral dilemmas (legal implications)

2020 Flashcards

(68 cards)