2021 första cycle, dorsas rättning Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Which nerve is damage if patient is not able to flex the thigh and extend the leg?
- deep peroneal nerve
- sciatic nerve
- superficial peroneal nerve
- femoral nerve
- tibial nerve
A
-femoral nerve
2
Q
Which muscle is damage if patient is not able to flex the thigh and extend the leg?
A
quadriceps
3
Q
Is patients falls have codes in international classification of diseases (ICD)?
a. yes, we can find only one code
b. no codes
c. falls have detailed codes for different kind of falls
A
c. falls have detailed codes for different kind of falls
4
Q
Interaction of the movement system elements depends on:
a. central nervous system, joints and muscles
b. cartilage, bones and muscles
c. muscles, fascia and bones
d. joints, ligaments and fascia
A
a. central nervous system, joints and muscles
5
Q
Patient is not able to flex the hand, which nerves are damaged?
select one or more:
a. ulnar
b. musculocutaneous
c. radial
d. axillary
e. median
A
a. ulnar
e. median
6
Q
Common symtoms of inflammatory arthropathy (arthritis):
a. constant pain everywhere
b. intramuscular tender knot
c. paresthesia
d. joint redness
A
Right answer, d. joint redness
a. constant pain everywhere –> fibromyalgia
b. intramuscular tender knot–> myofascial syndrome
c. paresthesia –> peripheral neuron
7
Q
What can you recommend for acute strain treatment?
select one or more:
- warmth
- Plaster of Paris
- cold
- compression
A
- cold
- compression
Use the RICE: Rest Ice Compression Elevation
8
Q
Muscle contraction proteins:
Binding ATP —>
Binding Ca2+ —>
A
–> myosin
—> troponin
9
Q
Which molecules is binding water?
- proteoglycans
- collagen
- elastin
- dystrophin
A
-proteoglycans
10
Q
Long term effects of oestrogen’s on bone metabolism are related to:
- sodium/calcium symporter
- G protein coupled receptors
- Ligand gated ion channels
- certain non-cellular enzymes
- intracellular receptors
- enzyme linked receptors
A
- intracellular receptors
- G protein coupled receptors (acute)
11
Q
What is bone formation called when the bone is formed directly, without using a cartilage template?
- intramembranous
- endosteum
- intraosseous
- interosseous
- endochondrial
A
-intramembranous –> directly from mesenchyme
NOTE:
*-endochondrial –> hyaline cartilage, replaced by bone after
12
Q
Mark the correct statement about posterior cruicitae ligament:
a. it attaches on the lateral femoral
b. it attaches on medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle and patella
c. it attaches on medial femoral condyle and anterior intercondylar area of tibia
d. it attaches on lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle and posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
e. it prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
A
d. it attaches on lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle and posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
13
Q
Indicate the objective signs of bone fracture:
select one or more:
- limb shortening
- pain
- edema
- crepitaation
- bruising
- mobility in an abnormal location
- haematoma
- deformation
A
- edema
- crepitaation
- bruising
- haematoma
- deformation
14
Q
Radiological features of osteoarthrosis is:
select one or more:
- subchoondral cysts
- osteophytes
- periarticular osteopenia
- erosions (marginal, centraal)
- symmetric (uni form) joint space narrowing
- subchondral sclerosis
- assymetric (non-uniform) joint space narrowing
A
- subchoondral cysts
- osteophytes
- subchondral sclerosis
- assymetric (non-uniform) joint space narrowing
15
Q
Structure into lacuna musculorum:
a. femoral nerve
b. sciatic nerve
c. illiopogastric nerve
d. illioinguinal nerve
e. obturator nerve
A
a. femoral nerve
16
Q
In excitation-contraction coupling:
- the muscle action potential propagates along the sarcolemma and down the transverse tubules
- relaxation occurs when Ca2+is excreted from the muscle fibre
- Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to tropomyosin
- Troponin blocks binding of myosin heads to actin filaments
A
-the muscle action potential propagates along the sarcolemma and down the transverse tubules
17
Q
Paresthesiaa is common in:
a. inflammatory arthropathy
b. gout
c. pressure on peripheral neuron
d. degenerative arthropathy
A
c. pressure on peripheral neuron
18
Q
What is located in a lacuna of compact bone?
- osteocyte
- osteclast
- osteon
- osteoblast
- osteoid
A
-osteocyte
19
Q
The contractile response in skeletal muscle
a. decrease in magnitude with repeated stimulation
b. starts after the action potential is over
c. does not last as long as the action potential
d. produces more TENSION when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically
e. produces more WORK when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically
A
d. produces more TENSION when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically
20
Q
What is the sequence of increased pressure on the lumbar vertebrae depending on the body position?
- sitting, standing, lying
- lying, standing, sitting
- lying, sitting, standing
- sitting, lying, standing
A
-lying, standing, sitting
21
Q
Which muscles are the most vulnerable in case of Duschenne muscular dystrophy?
a. abdominal muscles
b. large muscles in the lumbar and thigh area
c. small arm muscles
d. small leg muscles
A
b. large muscles in the lumbar and thigh area
22
Q
True or false:
Intramembranous ossification refers ti the formation of bone within hyaline cartilage. In this process, mesenchyme is transformed into chondroblasts which produce a hyaline cartilage matrix that is gradually replaced by bone. Most bones of the body form by this process.
A
False
It was an explanation for endochondral ossification and not intramembraneous
23
Q
During investigation of musculoskeletal system with ultrasonography it is possible to detect
select one or more:
- tears of superficial tendons
- fluid collection
- injuries of surfaces of the bones
A
- tears of superficial tendons
- fluid collection
According to quiz:
- Fluid collections in particular soft tissues
- synovitis (is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane. This membrane lines joints that possess cavities, known as synovial joints.)
- superficial tendon/ligament pathology
24
Q
What is on top of movement pyramid?
- posture
- pain
- muscles
- skills
A
skills
- skills
- muscles
- posture
- pain
25
Which structures pass through carpal tunnel?
select one or more:
- radial nerve
- tendons of flexor digitorum muscles
- tendon of the brachioradialis muscle
- tendon of flexor policies longus muscle
- median nerve
- tendons of flexor digitorum muscles
- tendon of flexor policies longus muscle
- median nerve
26
What causes the movement dysfunction?
- muscle dysfunction
- joint, nerve and muscle dysfunction
- nerve dysfunction
- joint dysfunction
-joint, nerve and muscle dysfunction
27
The ergonomics is:
a. science about environment
b. science about nanotechnologies
c. science about occupational risk evaluation
d. science of fitting a job and work task to a person
d. science of fitting a job and work task to a person
28
Elderly patient noticed that pain is "shooting" through hip joint to the ankle. Differential diagnosis from ...?
select one or more:
a. knee joint tendon rupture
b. spine cereal part pathology
c. vertebral column disorder
d. femoral neck fracture
c. vertebral column disorder
29
What would you not recommend for the patient with CTS?
a. adequate micro pauses during repetitive work
b. resting the wrist on the sharp cold edge of the desk
c. training proper wrist position keeping during work task
d. to design proper work station
b. resting the wrist on the sharp cold edge of the desk
30
Bisphosphonates:
select one or more:
- may be administered intravenously and one week or longer intervals
- mimic effects of MCSF on the bone
- due to local irritation are usually take with meals
- reduce formation/ activation of osteoclast
- reduce formation/ activation of osteoclast
| - may be administered intravenously and one week or longer intervals
31
Footballer run through the game field, stopped, while standing on right foot (joint hyperextension) and with left foot kicked ball to the right (rotation outwards). Athlete got pain in right knee joint. What trauma experienced football player?
select one or more:
a. patella tendon rupture
b. meniscus rupture
c. tibia muscle rupture
d. anterior cruciate ligament rupture
e. achilis rupture
d. anterior cruciate ligament rupture
32
According to the sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction, during contraction.
- both thick and thin filament shorten
- the thick filament stay the same size but the thin filaments shorten
- the Titian interacts with actin
- the sarcomeres shorten
- the Titian filaments stay the same size but the thick filaments shorten
-the sarcomeres shorten
33
Osteoarthritis conservative treatment goals (mark wrong one)
select one or more:
- restore range of movements with modern implants
- protect or slow down the progression of the disease
- improve function
- teach the patient about OA and its treatment
- Reduce pain
-restore range of movements with modern implants
Conservative treatment goals:
- protect or slow down the progression of the disease
- improve function
- teach the patient about OA and its treatment
- Reduce pain
34
What type of protein is not expressed in case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
a. P53 protein
b. neurofibromine
c. Ret protooncogene
d. dystrophine
e. huntingtine
d. dystrophine
35
In which health care institutions patient falls prevention is important:
- hospitals
- rehabilitaation instituions
- in all health care institutions
- nursing homes
-in all health care institutions
36
Unspecialized stem cells that are derived from mesenchyme, the tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed. They are only bone cells to undergo mitotic cell divisions.. They are called:
- osteons
- osteoclasts
- osteoblasts
- osteogenic (osteoprogenitor)
- osteocytes
-osteogenic (osteoprogenitor)
37
What structures join the bodes of vertebras?
select one or more:
- zygapophyseal joints
- anterior longitudinal ligament
- intervertebral disci
- ligamneta flava
- interspinous ligaments
- posterior longitudinal ligament
- anterior longitudinal ligament
- intervertebral disci
- posterior longitudinal ligament
38
Mark the correct statement about lymph drainage from axillary lymph nodes:
- diaphragmatic lymph nodes
- jugular trunk
- subclavian trunk
- parasternal lymph nodes
- bronchomediastinal trunk
-subclavian trunk
39
The patient is not able to extend the thigh. Which nerves are damage?
select one or more:
a. inferior gluteal nerve
b. saphenous nerve
c. obturator nerve
d. sciatic nerve
e. femoral nerve
a. inferior gluteal nerve
| d. sciatic nerve
40
Calcium ions are required for the normal activation of muscle. Which statement below most closely describes the role of calcium ions in the control of skeletal muscle contraction?
a. the binding of calcium ions to the thick filament regulatory proteins activates the enzymatic activity of the myosin molecules
b. the binding of calcium ions to regulatory proteins on the thin filaments removes the inhibition of actin myosin interaction
c. a high concentration of calcium ions in the myofilament space is required to maintain muscle in a relaxed state
d. calcium ions serve as inhibitor of the interaction of thick and thin filaments
b. the binding of calcium ions to regulatory proteins on the thin filaments removes the inhibition of actin myosin interaction
41
Select energy sources for muscles at different exercise duration?
1. 2 hours
2. 25 second
3. 5 seconds
choose from:
- fatty acids
- creatine phosphate
- glycogen
1. 2 hours --> fatty acids
2. 25 second--> glycogen
3. 5 seconds--> creatine phosphate
42
Which of the following is a correct comparison of type 1 (slow oxidative) skeletal muscle fibers and type 2 B (fast glycolytic) skeletal muscle fiber?
- type 1 fibers have fewer mitcohondria
- type 1 fibers produce longer twitch
- type 1 fibers have a bigger diameter
- type 1 fibers can generate more tension
- type 1 fibers store more glycogen
-type 1 fibers produce longer twitch
And they have MORE mitochondria and a smaller diameter
43
Common symptom in the pressure on peripheral neuron:
a. joint swelling
b. muscular atrophy
c. joint redness
d. bone deviation
b. muscular atrophy
44
What is true about ACL?
| Give me 2 facts---->
-it prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the FEMUR
&
-It attaches on medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle and anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
45
The patient complains of difficulty to make fist, abduct and adduct the fingers, flex the hand, and notices the paresthesia of the medial palmar area of hand. Which nerve Is damage?
Ulnar nerve
46
The binding of ACh to the motor end plate causes a change in membrane permeability to ---
select one or more:
- Potassium
- Acetilcholine esterase
- sodium
- acetilcholine
- calcium
- Potassium
| - sodium
47
Large motor units:
- have fewer muscle fibers
- are recruited first
- use ATP less quickly
- produce tetanic tension at low stimulation frequencies
- produce more force than small motor units
-produce more force than small motor units
48
Which of the following can be the causes of pathologic bone fracture?
select one or more:
- malignant process
- pseudoarthrosis
- osteomyelitis
- seziures
- osteoporosis
- malignant process
- osteomyelitis
- osteoporosis
49
Which specific test is used for purpose of CTS diagnostics?
a. the Tinel test
b. the Kernig test
c. the Romberg test
d. the Cold test
a. the Tinel test
test for phalanges and tumb
50
Patient falls prevention, Patient falls intrinsic risk factors. Which intrinsic factors can influence patient falls?
- orthostatic hypotension
- different systems and diseases
- balance and gait disorder
- cataract
- arrhythmia
-different systems and diseases
51
Troponin binding sites:
select one or more:
- actin
- tropomyosin
- Ca2+
- inorganic phosphate
- ATP
- Actin
- Tropomyosin
- Ca2+
52
Which symptoms are characteristics of CTS?
- finger nail bed injury
- numbness and pain in the palm of the hand and the fingers especially at night
- redness of hand skin
- numbness and pain in the wrist
-numbness and pain in the palm of the hand and the fingers especially at night
53
Mark the advantages of computed tomography over the roentgenography in investigation of skeletal muscle:
select one or more:
a. during investigation patient receives low dose of ionising radiation
b. shows precisely bone in evaluation of complex anatomical structures
c. most valuable in evaluation of bone tissue and calcification
d. it is possible to make various 2D and 3D reconstructions
b. shows precisely bone in evaluation of complex anatomical structures
d. it is possible to make various 2D and 3D reconstructions
54
What injuries are characteristics for the injury induced by acceleration-deceleration trauma mechanism?
- injury at the site which was in contact with a ground or vehicle
- very different and severe injuries are possible due to varying trajectory of the injuring agent
- significant injuries are caused by an inert tearing forces when after an impact the human organs stop or start moving suddenly
- internal haemorrhage
- rupture of the parenchymatous organs, aortic arch, bowel mesenteries
- injury at the site which was in contact with a ground or vehicle
- internal hemorrhage
- rupture of the parenchymatous organs, aortic arch, bowel mesenteries
55
Which is not symptom of fibromyalgia?
a. paresthesia
b. leg weakness
c. morning stiffness
d. joint deformation
d. joint deformation
56
What are symptoms of fibromyalgia?
Mention 3-->
1. paresthesia
2. leg weakness
3. morning stiffness
57
Common symptom of the myofascicular pain:
a. joint swelling
b. leg weakness
c. joint deformation
d. intramuscular tender knot
d. intramuscular tender knot
58
Which structures pass through adductor canal:
select one or more:
a. femoral vein
b. great saphenous vein
c. deep femoral artery
d. saphenous nerve
e. femoral nerve
f. femoral artery
a. femoral vein
d. saphenous nerve
f. femoral artery
59
The important factors associated with manual material handling risk on the muscluskletal system are:
select one or more:
a. the weight of load
b. degree of flexion and rotation of the spine
c. chosen lifting technique
a. the weight of load
b. degree of flexion and rotation of the spine
c. chosen lifting technique
60
Which agent increases the activity of alpha hydroxyls?
a. glucocorticoids
b. estradiol
c. 1,25(OH)2D
d. PTH
e. calcitonin
f. FGF 23
d. PTH
61
Patient is not able to do EVERSION of the foot, which muscle is damage?
Fibulas longus
62
Patient is not able to do INERVESION of the foot, which muscle is damage?
Tibialis posterior and anterior
63
The most informative meniscus rupture diagnosis intrusment:
RADIOLOGY
MRI!!!
64
Bone consists of hard part and red and yellow bone marrow. Which radiological method directly shows that?
MRI --> Magnetic resonance imaging
65
Patient falls classification (by prof. J.M.Morse): Falls occur in patients who score a high risk of falling on for example the MGS (Morse fall scale). These falls called:
a. accidental falls
b. anticipated physiological falls
c. unanticipated physiological falls
b. anticipated physiological falls
66
Patient falls prevention. Patient falls prevention include:
a. physical activity
b. fall risk assessment
c. proper footwear
d. complex of different methods
e. patient education
d. complex of different methods
67
What class of medicinal products cause osteoporosis most commonly?
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
68
What are the main complications of an arterial injury?
select one or more:
- thrombosis
- arteriovenous fistula
- false (pseudo-) aneurysm formation
- haemorrhage
- arterial dissection
- compartment syndrome
- arteriovenous fistula
| - false (pseudo-) aneurysm formation
69
Which is NOT symptom of degenerative arthropathy?
a. joint redness
b. short term joint stiffness
c. joint pain
d. joint deformation
a. joint redness
70
Mention symptom of degenerative arthropathy -->
| 3 symptoms.
b. short term joint stiffness
c. joint pain
d. joint deformation
71
All patients with high risk of osteoporosis should be investigated with this radiological method:
- ultrasound
- mri
- ct
- DEXA
- roentgenography
-DEXA
72
Common symtom of degenerative arthropathy:
a. long term joint stiffness
b. short term joint stiffness
c. paresthesia
d. constant pain everywhere
b. short term joint stiffness
Other answers and why they are wrong:
a. long term joint stiffness --> inflammatory arthritis
c. paresthesia --> peripheral neuron
d. constant pain everywhere --> fibromyalgia
73
What is on the bottom of movement pyramid?
pain
74
Dorsal pedis artery is continuation of which artery?
ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
75
What is the most consistent definition of osteoarthritis?
select one or more:
- joint cartilage progressive degenerative disease leading to joint pain
- progressive articular cartilage degenerative disease
- degenerative joint cartilage injury leading too shortening of the leg
- joint cartilage progressive degenerative disease that occurs exclusively in the elderly people
- joint degenerative disease that damages the acetabulum
-joint cartilage progressive degenerative disease leading to joint pain
76
Patient falls prevention. Who can ensure patient falls prevention strategy?
a. occupational therapist
b. nurse
c. doctor
d. interdisciplinary team
e. physiotherapist
d. interdisciplinary team
77
# Fill in the blanks:
Tetriparatide is a fragment of --- which ----- and has been administered as ---- for postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture because ------.
- PTH
- Both increases bone formation and reduces bone loss
- As an alternative drug
- Its safety and efficacy beyond 24 months is not clear
78
Patient is not able to abduct the upper limb. Which nerves are damage?
select one or more:
a. musculocutaneous nerve
b. suprascapular nerve
c. radial nerve
d. axillary nerve
e. ulnar nerve
b. suprascapular nerve
| d. axillary nerve
79
Mark the correct statements about fibular collateral ligament:
select one or more:
a. its attachments are: lateral femoral epicondyle and fibular head
b. its attachments are: medial femoral epicondyle and medial tibial condyle
c. it becomes tight during extension of knee joint
d. it relaxes during extension of knee joint
e. its attachments are: lateral femoral epicondyle and anterior intercondylar area
f. its attachments are: medial femoral epicondyle and posterior
a. its attachments are: lateral femoral epicondyle and fibular head
c. it becomes tight during extension of knee joint
80
Do the micro fractures, performed to the cartilage area arthroscopy operation are for reducing further arthritis development?
- yes
- no
Yes
81
Which ligament prevents hyperextension of thigh?
Iliofemoral
82
Skeletal muscle contraction is immediately terminated by which action?
a. removal of Ca++ from the terminal of motor neuron
b. closure of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetyl-choline receptor
c. removal of sarcoplasmic Ca++
d. return of the dihydropyridine receptor to its resting conformation
c. removal of sarcoplasmic Ca++
83
The recommended limit of one-time lifting load weight for women is:
a. 10 kg
b. 5 kg
c. 30 kg
d. 25 kg
10 kg for woman and 20 kg for men
84
Patient is not able abduct the upper limb. Which muscles are damage?
select one or more:
a. deltoid
b. latissimus dorsi
c. supraspinatus
d. infraspinatus
e. subscapular
a. deltoid
c. supraspinatus
PLUS--> trapezius and seratus anterior must be damaged if the patient can not abduct the upper limb
Infraspinatus and subscapilar muscles would be damaged if the patient could not ADDCUT!!!!
85
Patient is NOT able to extend the thigh. Which muscles are damage?
select one or more:
- adductor magnus
- iliopsoas
- quadriceps
- semimembranosus
- gluteus maximus
- semimembranosus
| - gluteus maximus
86
# Choose the best method to determine free air in the abdominal cavity.
a. laparocentesis
b. plain radiograph
c. laparoscopy
d. ultrasound
e. percussion
b. plain radiograph
| AKA X-ray
87
What is specific in these molecules structures?
1. proteoglycans
2. glycoproteins
3. collagen type 1
4. elastin
Choose from:
a. a single sugar residue
b. demosine
c. triple helix
d. repeating units of disaccharides
1. proteoglycans --> d
2. glycoproteins --> a
3. collagen type 1 --> c
4. elastin --> b
88
Correlation between pain and inflammation:
- function inhibit pain
- no correlation
- pain inhibit disability
- pain inhibit function
-pain inhibit function
89
Name the localisation of dystrophin gene:
a. X chromosome short arm
b. Y chromosome
c. 13 autosome
d. X chromosome long arm
a. X chromosome short arm
90
Long head of triceps brachii is forming these regions:
select one or more:
a. triangular space
b. cubital fossa
c. claviopectoral triangle
d. triangular interval
e. quadrangular space
a. triangular space
d. triangular interval
e. quadrangular space
91
Complete transection of nerve according to Seddon's classification of nerve injuries:
a. neuralgia
b. axonotmesis
c. neuropraxia
d. paresthesia
e. neurotmesis
e. neurotmesis
92
Which of the following activities is least likely to involve full (complete, 100%) motor unit activation?
a. 100 m sprint run
b. a set of repetitions to failure in a weight training exercise
c. a single maximal weight lift
d. a 10 min jog
d. a 10 min jog
93
Which is most likely to extend the entire length of a muscle fiber?
a. myosin filament
b. sarcomere
c. actin filament
d. M-line
e. Myofibril
e. Myofibril
94
Mark the correct statements about medial meniscus:
select one or more:
a. it is attached to the medial collateral ligament
b. it is a hyaline cartilage
c. it is attached to the lateral collateral ligament
d. it is more mobile than lateral meniscus
e. it is attached to the joint capsule
a. it is attached to the medial collateral ligament
| e. it is attached to the joint capsule
95
Which is not symtom of inflammatory arthropathy?
a. joint deformation
b. long term joint stiffness
c. subchondrial sclerosis on X-ray
d. joint redness
c. subchondrial sclerosis on X-ray
96
Which is symtom of inflammatory arthropathy?
select one or more:
a. joint deformation
b. long term joint stiffness
c. subchondrial sclerosis on X-ray
d. joint redness
a. joint deformation
b. long term joint stiffness
d. joint redness
